Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Variation in Growing Season Thermal Resources in Central-East Poland

100%

Radzka E.

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tom Vol. 22, nr 6

145--150

EN

The work assesses heat resources in central-east Poland (2001-2019). As a measure of heat resources, the concept of growing degree days (GDD) was used. GDD is a useful tool for agriculture as it takes into account the aspects of local weather and, based on it, plant development can be predicted. Daily maximum and minimum air temperatures were used to calculate GDD at 7 stations using threshold base air temperatures of 0°C (commencement of the warm season) and 5°C (start of the period of active plant growth). The following basic characteristics of the distribution were calculated: arithmetic mean, minimum and maximum values as well as coefficient of variation. The direction and significance of changes of the heat resources were determined on the basis of linear trend equations. The significance of directional coefficient of the trend was estimated with t-Student test at the significance level of α = 0.05. The average air temperature during the growing season ranged from 14.6°C in Białystok and Białowieża to 15.6°C in Włodawa, its greatest increase being recorded in Włodawa and Siedlce (by 0.36°C per year). GDD increased from north to south in the study area, but the mean GDD varied considerably from one location to another. GDD0 and GDD5 showed an upward trend over the 2001-2019 period for the study region as a whole.

2

Assessment of Hazard from Damaging Wind Gusts in the Siedlce Area

63%

Radzka E. , Olszewska E.

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tom Vol. 23, nr 7

192--196

EN

The average daily values of wind speed and wind gust speed in the years 2001–2018 in Siedlce were analyzed. In the study area, the frequency of individual wind directions was determined and, according to criteria set by the Government Centre for Security, the frequency of hazards from damaging wind gusts was evaluated. The following wind gusts were considered: >20 m/s, 25 m/s and 35 m/s. It was found that, in the Siedlce area, the prevailing wind direction was west-south-westerly (WSW), and the average annual wind speed in the long-term study period was 2.99 m/s. March, April and May were the months when the highest speeds of maximum wind gusts (>35 m/s) were recorded. Extreme wind gusts the speed of which poses a hazard to the environment, national economy as well as human life and health, occurred in both the cold and warm seasons of the year.

3

The Effect of Meteorological Conditions on PM10 and PM2.5 Pollution of the Air

63%

Radzka E. , Rymuza K.

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tom Tom 21, cz. 1

611--628

EN

The work is based on results of hourly measurements of the particles PM10 and PM2.5 as well as 24-h measurements of meteorological elements in Siedlce. Analysis spanned the years 2012-2016. Based on the Polish Index of Air Quality developed by the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection (GIOŚ), there were determined numbers of days in six air quality classes. Analysis of the effect of meteorological conditions on particulate matter content in the air was based on 24-h concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 exceeding the standard value of 50 µg/m3 for PM10 and 25 µg/m3 for PM2.5. Variation in the excessive concentrations in weather conditions described by means of air temperature, air humidity, wind direction and speed was assessed by means of Wright path analysis. Satisfactory, poor and very poor air quality was recorded in winter only. Path analysis revealed that variation in pollution is affected by wind speed and direction as well as air temperature. Increased concentrations of particulate matter were found mainly on days with low wind speed and low air temperature.

PL

W pracy wykorzystano wyniki pomiarów godzinnych stężeń pyłów PM10 i PM2.5 oraz dobowych pomiarów elementów meteorologicznych w Siedlcach. Analizą objęto lata 2012-2016. Na podstawie Polskiego Indeksu Jakości Powietrza opracowanego przez Główny Inspektorat Ochrony Środowiska (GIOŚ) określono liczbę dni w sześciu przedziałach klas jakości powietrza. Analizę wpływu warunków meteorologicznych na zawartość w powietrzu pyłów oparto na stężeniach dobowych PM10 i PM2.5 przekraczających normę: 50 µg/m3 dla PM10 i 25 µg/m3 dla PM2.5. Zmienność ponadnormatywnych stężeń w warunkach pogodowych opisanych temperaturą powietrza, wilgotnością powietrza, kierunkiem i prędkością wiatru oceniono przy zastosowaniu analizy ścieżek Wrighta. Dostateczną, złą i bardzo złą jakość powietrza notowano jedynie w zimnej porze roku. Analiza ścieżek wykazała, że zróżnicowanie zanieczyszczeń zależy od prędkości i kierunku wiatru oraz temperatury powietrza. Podwyższone stężenia pyłów zawieszonych notowano głównie w dniach z małą prędkością wiatru i niską temperaturą.

4

Statistical Evaluation of Variation of the River Bug Water Chemical Contamination

63%

Rymuza K. , Radzka E.

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tom Tom 21, cz. 1

672--690

EN

The work presents analysis of chemical condition of the water of the River Bug stretch extending from Kiryłowo to Krzyszew. The analysis was preformed based on data of monitoring of surface water quality available on the website of Voivodeship Inspectorate of Environmental Protection in Lublin (WIOŚ) spanning the years 2015-2017. Eight measurement points and the following months were considered: February, April, June, August, October and December. Analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyse the effect of localities and months on selected chemical indicators. The concentrations of nearly all the parameters (excluding BOD) were found to be influenced by the localities. Phosphorus content, sulphates and chlorides increased along the course of the river. Also, the analysis revealed that the concentration of ammonium ions, dissolved oxygen, sulphates and chlorides increased in winter. Multidimensional analysis demonstrated that differences in chemical conditions between the localities were predominantly due to nitrogen compound content, total phosphorus content and chlorides. Cluster analysis showed that in nearly all the months (excluding August) the tested stretch of the River Bug could be divided into two parts with different chemical composition parameters. The first part, characterised by higher average values of ammonium nitrogen content, dissolved oxygen content and total phosphorus content, included the following measurement points: Krzyszew, Kukuryki, Włodawa and Kuzawka. The second part was formed by the following localities: Kryłów, Zosin and Horodło, all with higher average BOD values, sulphates and chlorides.

PL

W pracy przedstawiano analizę chemicznego stanu wód rzeki Bug na odcinku od Kryłowa do Krzyszewa. Analizy tej dokonano na podstawie danych pochodzących z monitoringu jakości wód powierzchniowych zamieszczonych na stronie Wojewódzkiego Inspektoratu Ochrony Środowiska w Lublinie (WIOŚ) z lat 2015-2017. Pod uwagę wzięto dane z lutego, kwietnia, czerwca, sierpnia, października i grudnia z 8 punktów pomiarowych. Przy pomocy analizy wariancji oraz testu Kruskala-Wallisa przeanalizowano wpływ miejscowości oraz miesięcy na zawartość wybranych wskaźników chemicznych. Stwierdzono, że zawartość prawie wszystkich parametrów (poza BZT5) różnicowana była przez miejscowości. Wraz z biegiem rzeki zmniejszała się zawartość fosforu, siarczanów i chlorków. Analiza wykazała ponadto, że zimą rosło stężenie jonów amonowych, zawartość tlenu rozpuszczonego, siarczanów i chlorków. Wielowymiarowa analiza natomiast dowiodła, że różnice stanu chemicznego pomiędzy miejscowościami związane były głównie z zawartością związków azotu, fosforu ogólnego oraz chlorków. Na podstawie analizy skupień prawie we wszystkich miesiącach (poza sierpniem) odcinek rzeki Bug pod względem stanu chemicznego można podzielić na dwie części. Pierwszą grupę stanowi odcinek rzeki z punktami pomiarowymi w Krzyszewie, Kukurykach, Włodawie i Kuzawce o większych średnich zawartościach azotu amonowego, tlenu rozpuszczalnego i fosforu ogólnego. Drugą grupę utworzyły miejscowości: Kryłów, Zosin i Horodło o wyższych średnich stężeniach BTZ5, siarczanów i chlorków.

5

Assessment of Variation of Winter Severity Types in the Siedlce Area

51%

Radzka E. , Rymuza K. , Oszkiel M.

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tom Vol. 20, nr 1

118--124

EN

The objective of the work was to describe the thermal and snow conditions in the winter period in the Siedlce area. The average daily air temperatures were used in addition to numbers of days with a snow cover of at least 1 cm for the years 2000–2016 obtained from the Meteorological Station in Siedlce. Dates of the beginning and end of the winter season were determined. The average temperature of the winter season was determined in addition to the degree of winter severity, according to Oskin. The average, minimum and maximum values of parameters were calculated. The probability of an occurrence of individual types of winter severity was determined. Next, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were applied, the latter to the group years in terms of the days with a given type of weather in winter. It was found that – on average – the thermal winter began on 5 December and ended on 6th March. The winter was found to have lasted for 66 days. From year to year, there was observed an increase in the average number of days with mild weather. The greatest decline was found for the days with the weather typical of slightly severe and moderately severe winter. The last study years had the highest average number of days with weather typical of mild, slightly severe and moderately severe winter, and the lowest number of the days with weather typical of severe, very severe, unusually severe and extremely severe winter.