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EN
Background: Ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) is one of recently introduced tests used to assess the function of the equilibrium system. It is still under research and no consensus has been reached yet. Aim: To analyze AC-oVEMP response parameters in subjects with no history of neurological or vestibular deficits. Material and Methods: The AC-oVEMPs collected from 50 subjects (100 ears) were analyzed in this prospective study for the response presence in the time domain, the latencies and amplitudes of the waves. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed between the right and left ear considering both N1 latency, and amplitude. Significant differences were noted when comparing the groups <40 yo vs ≥40 yo (shorter latencies and higher amplitudes were observed in subjects <40). Conclusions and Significance: This thorough AC-oVEMP analysis in a group of healthy volunteers facilitated the proposal of reference ranges with a simultaneous indication of age-related differences. Shorter oVEMP latencies and higher amplitudes were observed in subjects <40 yo, while in the subjects ≥40 yo the latencies were longer and the amplitudes lower.
EN
Ménière’s disease is characterized by sudden episodes of vertigo accompanied by tinnitus and/or feeling of fullness in the ear as well as fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss. Despite numerous studies, the etiology of this disease remains unknown. However, the enlargement of the inner ear’s endolymphatic spaces, referred to as endolymphatic hydrops, is considered the underlying condition. Thanks to recent advances in magnetic resonance (MR) technology, it is now possible to obtain in vivo imaging of endolymphatic hydrops in patients presenting with Ménière’s disease symptoms. Visualization of the inner ear fluid compartments is achieved after gadolinium contrast is administered into the tympanic cavity or via the intravenous route. Evaluation of endolymphatic hydrops is possible as the contrast agent selectively penetrates the perilymph, and endolymph is visualized as contrast defects. The currently used radiological hydrops grading systems include qualitative, semi-quantitative, and volumetric scales. The methods are subject to ongoing modifications to increase their sensitivity and specificity. Numerous studies describe correlations between clinical symptoms and audiological and otoneurological examination results with the endolymphatic hydrops grade. MRI is also applicable in patients’ diagnostics with an incomplete or atypical course of the Ménière’s disease. In the course of the treatment, follow-up MRI scans enable assessing individual treatment modalities’ efficacy in terms of the severity of lesions and the further course of the disease within the inner ear.
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Content available Usznopochodny ropień mózgu – opis przypadku
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EN
Otogenic intracranial complications - although less common than before - should always alert otolaryngologists and other specialists, including those in the field of outpatient healthcare. Due to their life-threatening consequences, early detection and appropriate management, including surgical treatment, is crucial for a prompt recovery. Below we present a case of a patient in whom the brain abscess has progressed despite the surgical treatment, and describe what strategy was adopted and what followed its choice.
PL
Usznopochodne powikłania wewnątrzczaszkowe, występujące obecnie rzadziej niż niegdyś, zawsze powinny budzić czujność otolaryngologów, lekarzy innych specjalności, w tym lekarzy poruszających się w zakresie ambulatoryjnej opieki zdrowotnej. Z uwagi na zagrożenia dla zdrowia i życia, wynikające z istoty choroby oraz powikłań, wczesne wykrywanie i odpowiednie postępowanie, w tym operacyjne, jest kluczowe dla szybkiego powrotu pacjenta do zdrowia. Poniżej został przedstawiony przypadek pacjentki, u której pomimo zastosowanego leczenia operacyjnego w przebiegu perlakowego zapalenia ucha środkowego doszło do progresji wewnątrzczaszkowych zmian zapalnych. Została opisana strategia dalszego postępowania, czym kierowano się przy jej wyborze. W leczeniu usznopochodnego powikłania wewnątrzczaszkowego została zastosowana petrosektomia boczna.
EN
Aim: Epidemiological and clinical analysis of lymphoid tissue neoplasms in the neck region over a 15-year period. Material: There was performed retrospective analysis of 97 patients, aged 17 to 88 years, mean age of 60.3 years. The analysis included data from subjective study, physical examination, image and histopathological studies Results: Almost all cases were lymphoid neoplasms - 95 patients (98%). B cell lymphoma was the most commonly diagnosed lymphoma – 74 cases (76%), followed by Hodgkin's lymphoma- 19 cases (20%). Only two patients had T-cell lymphoma (2%). There was observed prevalence among women, K: M ratio for the whole group was 51: 46, while male predominance was reported in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients (K: M = 7: 12). Over the 15-year period, there was an increase in the number of lymphoid tumors. The most common location on the neck were lymph nodes - 71 (73.2%). Extranodal localizations (26.8%) were most often associated with salivary glands: parotid and submandibular involvement and with the dominant lymphoma of the marginal zone MALT (14 cases). In 57% of patients the fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) results were false, with positive results only in 32% of patients. Conclusions: Tumors from lymphoid tissue in the neck region are most commonly B-cell lymphomas or Hodgkin,s lymphomas. Non-specific clinical signs and non-specific radiological images, as well as non-diagnostic results o FNAB, make it difficult to effectively differentiate lymphomas with cancer metastasis in neck lymph nodes. Histopathology results of the excised lymph nodes remains a standard for lymphoma diagnosis.
EN
Introduction: In this paper were verified the correlation between the results of the survey SNOT-20 and the results of the objective tests of nasal obstruction which are rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry before and after surgical treatment, such as septoplasty, septoconchoplasty, ethmoidectomy and septoethmoidectomy. Material and methods: The material used in this study was 233 patients diagnosed routinely in the Rhinomanometry Laboratory of the Department of Otolaryngology at the Medical University of Warsaw, reporting rhinological problems. Data were obtained from 70 women (31,4%) ranging in ages from 18 to 81 years of age and 153 men (68,6%) ranging in ages from 16 to 81 years of age. The researches presented in the study were made using the device RhinoMetrics SRE 2100 which combines the Rhinomanometer (RhinoStream) and Acoustic Rhinometer (RhinoScan) Interacoustics AS (Denmark). Survey SNOT-20 (Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-20) in Polish was completed by patients before surgery and during the postoperative control visits. Results: The calculated correlations between the objective parameter, which was the resistance to the flow of air through the nasal cavity , and the subjective feelings of respondents expressed in the survey SNOT-20 were generally weak, and statistical significance was achieved with respect to the first question survey (the severity of the nose obstruction) for all components of resistance flow. Discussion: The feeling of nasal obstruction is the most reproducible and reliable complaint reported by the patient with rhinological problems.
PL
Wprowadzenie: Badanie ocznych miogennych przedsionkowych potencjałów wywołanych stymulacją akustyczną (oVEMP) to jeden z wprowadzonych w ostatnim czasie testów wykorzystywanych do oceny działania układu równowagi. Metoda ta nadal jest przedmiotem badań i nie wypracowano jeszcze uzgodnionego stanowiska w zakresie jej stosowania. C el: Analiza parametrów odpowiedzi AC-oVEMP u pacjentów bez deficytów neurologicznych i przedsionkowych w wywiadzie. Materiał i metody: W prospektywnym badaniu dokonano analizy wartości AC-oVEMP, uzyskanych od 50 osób (100 uszu), pod względem wystąpienia odpowiedzi oraz latencji i amplitudy fal. Wyniki: Nie zaobserwowano statystycznie istotnych różnic pomiędzy prawym i lewym uchem, zarówno pod względem latencji, jak i amplitudy fali N1. W porównaniu grup uczestników w wieku <40 lat i ≥40 lat zaobserwowano istotne różnice (krótsze czasy latencji i wyższe amplitudy u uczestników w wieku <40 lat). Wnioski i znaczenie: Dokonana szczegółowa analiza wyników AC-oVEMP w grupie zdrowych ochotników ułatwiła zaproponowanie zakresów referencyjnych z jednoczesnym uwzględnieniem różnic związanych z wiekiem. U uczestników badania w wieku <40 lat obserwowano krótsze czasy latencji i wyższe amplitudy oVEMP, natomiast u uczestników w wieku ≥40 lat latencje były dłuższe, a amplitudy niższe.
EN
Paragangliomas are rare neoplasms of neurological origin and account for 0.012% of all tumors. Only 10% of them have extraadrenal localization. Head and neck paragangliomas account for 0.33% neoplasms of that localization. Typically paragangliomas are benign tumors, but even 19% cases may have malignant potential. On the neck they are located typically closely to carotid artery bifurcation, jugular bulb and along the course of vagus nerve. Laryngeal localization is very rare. Nonspecifi c manifestation and wide spectrum of symptoms cause diffi culty in diagnosis of paragangliomas. Aim: Presentation of the diagnostic process, performed treatment and obtained results of neck paragangliomas in the material of the Department of Otolaryngology of Warsaw Medical University in years 2001-2010. Material and methods: There was performed retrospective analysis, based on the medical documentation of 14 patients with neck paragangliomas (9 women and 5 men), age range 25-62 years, hospitalized in the Department of Otolaryngology of Warsaw Medical University during the last 10 years. The date from the history, physical examination, radiological evaluation and the method of performed treatment and post – treatment complications were studied. Results: Out of 14 patients with neck paragangliomas, there were 9 cases of isolated tumors and 5 cases of synchronic, multicentric neoplasms. The most common and single symptom was nonspecifi c neck mass. Doppler ultrasonography was adequate diagnostic tool in carotid artery paragangliomas. To diagnose mulicentric paraganglioma, vagal or laryngeal paraganglioma more thorough radiological examination was necessary, including computed tomography, magnetic resonance and angiography. All patients had performed surgical treatment. There were observed very good results in patients with isolated paragangiomas of carotid artery or larynx. Surgical management of multicentric and vagal paragangliomas was exposed to higher risk of cranial nerve paresis. Conclusions: 1. Paragangliomas are rare tumors of nonspecifi c clinical manifestation, making the early diagnosis very diffi cult. 2. Precise radiological evaluation is necessary taking into consideration quite high incidence of multicentric paragangliomas. 3. There is higher risk of cranial nerve paresis after surgical treatment of multicentric paragangliomas, neoplasms larger then 5 centimeters in diameter and vagal paragangliomas then in isolated carotid artery paragangliomas.
EN
Introduction: Parapharyngeal space (PPS) is the anatomical area lateral to the upper pharynx and clinically important due to PPS tumors. They account for less than 1% of head and neck neoplasms. Both benign and malignant neoplasms may arise there and typical for this localization is diversity of histological origin. Complete surgical excision is still the basis of treatment. Aim of the study: Evaluation of the results of surgical treatment of PPS tumors in the Department of Otolaryngology at the Medical University over the period 2015–2017. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of medical records including complaints, physical examination, results of imaging studies, surgical approach, postoperative complication and histopathological results in 22 patients with a diagnosis of a PPS tumors. Results: The most frequent complaints reported by the patients were: discomfort in the throat, dysphagia, hearing disorders and a palpable tumor on the neck. Asymptomatic course of the disease was demonstrated in 4 cases. All patients were treated surgically: 2 with transoral approach, 9 with transparotid-transcervical approach, 11 with transcervical approach. In most cases the tumor was removed radically. In 2 patients intracapsular tumor resection was performed. Based on histopathological examination the benign lesions dominated (18/22). In 4 cases malignant neoplasms were diagnosed: carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and two cases of squamous cell carcinoma. The most common origin of PPS tumors was deep lobe of parotid gland and for this group 11 patients had diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma. Other diagnosis included: paraganglioma, neurofibroma, hemangioma, lymphangioma and rhabdomyoma. Postoperative complications occurred in 9 patients and presented as hoarseness and dysphagia due to paresis of the lower group of cranial nerves (IX, X, XII). Significant intraoperative bleeding during surgery occurred in 2 cases and ligation of the external carotid artery was necessary. Conclusion: Due to the anatomical topography of PPS and its content with the essential vessels and the lower group of cranial nerves, the surgical treatment of pathology of this area is still a challenge for head and neck surgeons. The decrease of voice quality and impaired speech and swallowing should always be considered as complications post the surgical resection in PPS.
PL
Cel: Ocena czułości i swoistości wideolaryngostroboskopii (VLS) w diagnostyce różnicowej zmian przednowotworowych i złośliwych błony śluzowej krtani. Materiał i metody: U 175 pacjentów (128 mężczyzn i 47 kobiet), w wieku od 19-88 lat, średnia wieku 61.5, którzy zostali przyjęci do Kliniki z rozpoznaniem zmian przednowotworowych błony śluzowej krtani (leukoplakia, przewlekłe przerostowe zmiany zapalne) oraz pogrubieniem lub obecnością guza fałdu głosowego wykonano badanie VLS przed planowanym zabiegiem mikrochirurgii krtani. Badanie VLS uwzględniało ocenę: lokalizacji zmiany, ruchomości fałdów głosowych, przesunięcia brzeżnego, zwarcia fonacyjnego, amplitudy i symetrii wibracji. W ocenie zastosowano skalę punktową dla poszczególnych parametrów funkcjonalnych. Zakres skali wynosił od 0 do 14. Zmianę głośni kwalifikowano jako złośliwą, gdy w VLS upośledzała ruchomość fałdu głosowego i/lub powodowała brak przesunięcia brzeżnego. Ograniczone przesunięcie brzeżne w VLS kwalifikowało zmianę jako dysplastyczną. Wyniki porównano z ostatecznym badaniem histopatologicznym i wyliczono czułość, swoistość, dokładność, pozytywną (PPV) i negatywną (NPV) wartość predykcyjną metody. Wyniki: Na podstawie badania histopatologicznego zmiany łagodne (prawidłowa lub zapalnie zmieniona błona śluzowa) stanowiły 20% rozpoznań, zmiany przerostowe hiper – i parakeratoza 28%, dysplazja małego i średniego stopnia stanowiły 10 %, a zmiany złośliwe (dysplazja dużego stopnia, rak przedinwazyjny, rak inwazyjny) rozpoznano u 42% chorych. Sumaryczny średni wynik oceny VLS wyniósł 4.5 oraz 8.0, odpowiednio dla zmian łagodnych i złośliwych. Czułość, swoistość, dokładność, PPV i NPV badania VLS w wykrywaniu zmian złośliwych wyniosły odpowiednio 95.6%, 23.8%, 61.1%, 57.6% and 83.3% .Natomiast w wykrywaniu zarówno zmian dysplastycznych, jak i złośliwych wyniosły odpowiednio 90.7%, 31.4%, 78.9%, 84.1% and 45.8%. Wnioski: Ze względu na dużą czułość VLS w wykrywaniu zmian przednowotworowych i złośliwych metoda ta stanowi bardzo dobre narzędzie do diagnostyki przesiewowej zmian patologicznych w krtani.
EN
Aim: The study aimed to assess the auditory skills in multi-handicapped children with cochlear implants. Material and methods: The study assessed 34 children, who were implanted due to the bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss. Apart from the hearing loss, all of the subjects suffered from additional impairments (mild motor disabilities, cerebral palsy, cognitive disability, specifi c learning disability, behavioral disorders, sight impairment), 29 (85.29%) from more than one. Cochlear implantation took place in the Department of Otolaryngology at the Medical University of Warsaw in Poland. The age at implantation ranged from 1.3 to 7.5 years old (mean 3.2 years, SD 1.64). The retrospective review of medical charts, audiology and speech pathology records was based on Champions profi le with evaluation at 6, 12, 18-24 months, and 3 years after implantation. When a patient had been referred for developmental evaluation by psychologist, this source of information was also used. Results: All of the subjects suffered from additional impairments, and most of them presented more than one additional disability. Individually and as a group, these patients respond well to cochlear implantation. The study population showed improvement in communication code in 31 patients (91.18%), and no improvement in 3 patients (two of them had 6 months follow up and one 12 months follow-up). Also progress in auditory skills was noted in the study population, which was measured as the awareness in environmental sounds – Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP). Conclusions: Multi-handicapped children receive benefi t from cochlear implantation. The rate of this improvement is slow but offers better quality of life due to better auditory-communication skills, better self-independence and social integration. The results of implantation in presented group of patients is encouraging.
EN
Objective: To assess the sensitivity and specificity of larngovideostroboscopy (LVS) in the diagnosis of precancerous and malignant lesions of the vocal folds. Material and methods: In 175 patients (128 men and 47 women), aged 19-88 years, mean age 61.5, who were admitted to the clinic with diagnosed premalignant conditions of vocal fold mucosa (leukoplakia, chronic hypertrophic inflammatory lesions) and thickening or tumor on the vocal fold, there was performed LVS before the laryngeal microsurgery. The LVS study included: localization of the leasion, movement of the vocal folds, mucosal wave, shape of glottis clousure, amplitude and symmetry of vocal fold vibration. In the evaluation, a point scale was applied for the individual functional parameters. The scale ranged from 0 to 14. Patients with impaired vocal fold motion or absent mucosal wave were positive on LVS for malignant lesions. Those with limitted mucosal wave were positive on LVS for dysplastic lesions. The results were compared with the final histopathological examination and the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive value were calculated. Results: On the basis of histopathological examination, benign lesions (normal or inflammatory mucosa) accounted for 20% of diagnoses, hypertrophy and parakeratosis for 28%, low and middle grade dysplasia accounted for 10% and malignant lesions (high-grade dysplasia, pre-invasive cancer, Invasive cancer) was diagnosed in 42% of patients. The overall mean score for LVS was 4.5 and 8.0, respectively for benign and malignant lesions. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV of LVS in detecting malignant lesions were respectively - 95.6%, 23.8%, 61.1%, 57.6% and 83.3% and in detecting both premalignant and malignant lesions were respectively – 90.7%, 31.4%, 78.9%, 84.1% and 45.8%. Conclusions: Because of the high sensitivity of LVS in detecting precancerous and malignant lesions, this method is a very good tool for screening of pathology within the larynx.
PL
Zalecenia Zarządu Głównego Polskiego Towarzystwa Otorynolaryngologów, Chirurgów Głowy i Szyi dotyczące świadczenia usług podczas pandemii COVID-19 stanowią wytyczne dla ambulatoryjnych i szpitalnych praktyk we wszystkich przypadkach kontaktu z pacjentem, którego status COVID-19 jest nieznany. Zostały one utworzone w oparciu o światowe publikacje i rekomendacje ze względu na obecny stan pandemii COVID-19. Przedstawiono uzasadnienie zawieszenia planowanego świadczenia usług w pierwszej fazie pandemii. Omówiono wskazanie najlepszych praktyk medycznych na czas stabilizacji, ale z utrzymaniem się ryzyka zakażenia COVID-19 w populacji. Ważna jest możliwość świadczenia usług w następnych miesiącach pandemii. Wskazano na obiektywne przesłanki uzasadniające wznowienia zabiegów medycznych, tym samym przedstawiając optymalne procedury i zachowania do czasu zatwierdzenia procedur, wytycznych i zasad postępowania w zakresie związanym z SARS-COV2.
PL
Round window’s movability measurements with helping of LDV in evaluation of ossicular chain functioning. Aim of study: Quantitive evaluation of round window movability in normal conditions and after malleus stapes assembly reconstruction were aims of the study. Methods and materials: In the experiment there were taken 10 non-frozen temporal bones harvested within 48 hours.Temporal bones specimens were prepared like in closed technique with antromastoidectomy and large posterior tympanotomy. Hearing system before and after MSA reconstruction were evaluated by measurement of round window movement. Measurements were performed at four frequencies: 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 4000 Hz, 8000 Hz. Results: In the normal ossicular chain the biggest movability were stated at frequency of 1 kHz. After reconstruction at all frequencies measurements were significantly worse. In reconstructed ears the highest movabilities were stated at frequencies 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz. Conclusions: Round window movability could be measured by Laser Doppler Vibrometry in posterior tympanotomy approach. Before reconstruction the biggest movability were evaluated at 1000 Hz and after MSA at 2000 Hz
EN
Aim: We assessed long-term outcomes of vocal fold augmentation with calcium hydroxylapatyte performed under local anesthesia. Material and methods: We enrolled 17 patients with glottic insuf ficiency due to unilateral laryngeal paralysis or insuf ficiency of internal laryngeal muscles (10 women, 17 men; mean age, 57.6±17.7 years; median age, 61 years; age range, 32-83 years). All patients underwent laryngeal augmentation under local anesthesia, through the oral cavity, with calcium hydroxylapatite (Radiesse) injected laterally to the vocal folds, unilaterally or bilaterally. We assessed voice quality before laryngeal augmentation and at 3 and 12 months. To that end, we performed videolaryngostroboscopy, perceptual assessment of voice, acoustic analyses, and aerodynamic assessments; moreover, participants completed the Voice-Related Quality of Life (VRQoL) questionnaire. Results: Af ter 3 months, we observed a statistically significant improvement on the perceptual assessment of voice with regard to the G and A parameters, and good outcomes were also observed at 12 months. On the acoustic analyses, MDVP_Jitt, MDVP_Shim, and MDVP_NHR improved to 2.5, 5, and 0.1, respectively, at 3 months, and to 1.9, 3.6, and 0.1, respectively, at 12 months. MPTa was prolonged to 12.2s and 11.9s at 3 and 12 months, respectively. Voice intensity improved from 67dB(A) before augmentation to 68dB(A) and 71dB(A) at 3 and 12 months, respectively. VRQoL scores improved to 19.5 and 20 at 3 and 12 months, respectively. Discussion: Laryngeal augmentation with calcium hydroxylapatite performed under local anesthesia is associated with good long-term outcomes.
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