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2 2016

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Enzymes involved in naproxen degradation by Planococcus sp. S5

100%

Wojcieszynska D. , Domaradzka D. , Hupert-Kocurek K. , Guzik U.

nr 2

Naproxen is a one of the most popular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) entering the environment as a result of high consumption. For this reason, there is an emerging need to recognize mechanisms of its degradation and enzymes engaged in this process. Planococcus sp. S5 is a gram positive strain able to degrade naproxen in monosubstrate culture (27%). However, naproxen is not a sufficient growth substrate for this strain. In the presence of benzoate, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid or vanillic acid as growth substrates, the degradation of 21.5%, 71.71%, 14.75% and 8.16% of naproxen was observed respectively. It was shown that the activity of monooxygenase, hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase, protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase and protocatechuate 4,5-dioxyegnase in strain S5 was induced after growth of the strain with naproxen and 4-hydroxybenzoate. Moreover, in the presence of naproxen activity of gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, enzyme engaged in 4-hydroxybenzoate metabolism, was completely inhibited. The obtained results suggest that monooxygenase and hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase are the main enzymes in naproxen degradation by Planococcus sp. S5.

Toxicity of diclofenac and its biotransformation by Raoultella sp. DD4

100%

Domaradzka D. , Guzik U. , Hupert-Kocurek K. , Wojcieszynska D.

2016

tom 25

nr 5

In recent years the increased consumption of diclofenac, a biologically active compound that is toxic to organisms and persistent to biodegradation, has resulted in its presence in the environment. This is the first report on the biotransformation of diclofenac by a pure bacterial strain, Raoultella sp. DD4, which is able to transform 0.6 mg/L of diclofenac in 28 days. Additionally, strain DD4 is more resistant to diclofenac than other tested organisms. The estimated value for EC50 for this strain is 1.95 g/L. This is approximately five-fold higher than the value of microbial toxic concentration MTCavg (0.416 g/L). Moreover, genotoxicity studies have indicated that diclofenac is not a mutagenic compound.