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Pravdepodobne si myslím, že niekedy v roku 2020. Pragmatické markery v slovenčine ako v cudzom jazyku

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Ivanová M.

Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics

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2022

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tom 13

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nr 2

35-64

EN

The study deals with pragmatic markers (PMs) and their frequency distribution in the written texts of Slovak as a second language (L2). It focuses on the comparison of written texts produced by nonnative speakers of Slovak to describe the acquisition aspects of PMs with respect to their preferential realization in the non-native texts, frequency distribution of individual units, maintenance of polyfunctionality of PMs and types of errors occurring in the texts. Individual functional-semantic classes of PMs are delimited within four domains: textual, propositional, illocutionary and interpersonal. On the basis of data from the acquisition corpus of Slovak errkorp-pilot the central markers of those classes are described and their frequency distribution and functions in the texts are analysed. Corpus data are used to manifest i) the tendency towards underrepresentation of PMs in the texts of Slovak as L2, ii) the specificities of the frequency distribution of certain functional and semantic classes of PMs in the texts of Slovak as L2, iii) the tendency towards decreased polyfunctionality of PMs in the texts of Slovak as L2 (polyfunctional PMs are usually limited to realizing one major function in the texts of Slovak as L2). Corpus material also brings evidence for the most frequent errors concerning the usage of PMs, namely lexical ones (falling into the category of substitution with respect to the semantically, formally or pragmatically related PMs, the redundant usage of PMs in the texts, etc.) and syntactic ones (concerning incorrect word order and embedding of PMs).

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METAPHOR AND METONYMY IN COGNITIVE LINGUISTIC THEORY: ON THE BASIS OF EVIDENTIAL ADVERBS AND THEIR SEMANTIC EXTENSIONS

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Ivanová M.

World Literature Studies

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2018

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tom 10

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nr 3

166 – 175

EN

The paper brings the analysis of evidential units such as očividne, evidentne, zjavne (obvi-ously, apparently, evidently) which show semantic extensions from direct visual perception meaning to assumption meaning. This semantic extension can be viewed as an example of the KNOWING is SEEING metaphor which arises on the basis of metonymy. The paper brings the corpus data to show various usage of the given units which can be interpreted as metonymical (from pre-metonymic through weak metonymic to partially metonymic readings). It is shown how metonymy and inference processes cooperate to produce the metaphoric extension TO SEE is TO KNOW.

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LÁSKA-NELÁSKA, IDÚ ZLÉ ČASY. KONCESÍVNE ŠTRUKTÚRY VO SVETLE KONŠTRUKČNEJ GRAMATIKY

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Ivanová M.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

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2021

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tom 86

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nr 2

142 – 172

EN

The study investigates concessive clauses in Slovak with respect to (i) the status of concessive relation within opposite relations contrast – concession – correction, (ii) the delimitation of concessive and adversative relations, (iii) the delineation of source domains for semantic relation of concession in the process of conceptualization of events. Embedded in the theoretical postulates of cognitive construction grammar, the study employs the domain general processes into explanation of concessive structures (Bybee, 2010, 2013), especially, competence-performance hypothesis (Hawkins, 2004; Horsch, 2020) and the principle of iconicity (Cuypere, 2008). The motivation for usage of contra-iconic is analysed on the basis of pragmatic principles, namely (i) functional sentence perspective and (ii) pragmatic strengthening. When source domains for the concessive relation are specifying, three possible motivating factors are taken into account: (i) genetic motivation of concessive conjunctions, (ii) coercion of concessive meaning triggered by context, (iii) ambiguity of conjunctions which can be eliminated by contextual specification. All those factors determine the heterosemy of conjunctions used in concessive clauses.

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RECIPROCITA V SLOVENČINE A OPTIMALIZÁCIA JEJ LEXIKOGRAFICKÉHO SPRACOVANIA

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Ivanová M.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

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2020

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tom 85

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nr 2

143 – 161

EN

The study deals with the question when does the reflexive marker sa, si accompanying a verb present the clitic form of the pronoun and when it can be described as the reflexive morpheme used to derive verb with reciprocal semantics. Considering the results of a semantic test (reciprocity as the typical implication of the verb semantics) and syntactic test (the possibility to use the verb in the subject discontinuous construction), we came to the conclusion which verbs can be considered as derived reciprocals and thus should be processed in the dictionary and in which cases the reflexive marker is used to coin the reciprocal construction of non-reflexive verb with the reciprocity as possible, yet not typical implication.

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O NIEKTORÝCH SÉMANTICKÝCH A SYNTAKTICKÝCH ŠPECIFIKÁCH EVIDENČNÝCH VÝRAZOVÝCH PROSTRIEDKOV V SLOVENČINE

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Ivanová M.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

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2016

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tom 81

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nr 5-6

282 – 303

EN

The article deals with the functional-semantic category of evidentiality with the focus on its specific semantic and syntactic characteristics. Traditionally, evidentiality is treated as a subcategory of epistemic modality or the close relationship, eventually overlapping of these categories is stated. In the article the deictic nature of evidentiality is stipulated on the bases of the detailed semantic analysis of evidential units gained from the corpus. In many theoretical works evidentiality is described as a propositional deixis as it asserts the evidence on the basis of spatiotemporal distance existing between the event (expressed by the proposition) and the speaker. The minimal distance holds for direct personal evidence, on the other hand the indirect evidence presupposes the spatiotemporal distance which can be described as I SEE/HEAR etc. E(P1) and therefore I INFER P2 (perception based inference) or I INFER Pn as I KNOW P1 + P2 + P3 ... (non-perception based inference). In its second part the articles focuses on the syntactic characteristics of sentence adverbs and cognitive and perception verbs which function as evidential expressions in Slovak. Contrary to Slovak linguistic tradition the article brings the arguments why these units should be treated as sentence adverbs and stipulates the procedures which help to differentiate them from heterosemic predicate adverbs. The analysis of perception and cognitive verbs shows that these types of verbs expressing the propositional attitude function as illocutionary comments of the proposition expressed by formally dependent clause and slowly they are becoming evidential parentheticals which become free to float to various positions in the clause.

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SYNTAKTICKÉ VÝSKUMY V ČASOPISE SLOVENSKÁ REČ

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Ivanová M.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

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2022

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tom 87

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nr 3

130 – 163

EN

The study describes the works that have been published in Slovenská reč since the 1930s until now. It closely characterizes the tendencies of the development in Slovak syntax and heterogeneous syntactic issues presented in the works throughout all decades during the ninety years of the existence of the journal. The study is divided into several thematic sections. The first part deals with linguistic papers investigating various topics connected with sentence elements and syntagmas. Due to the long-term tradition of valency research in the Slovak context, special attention is paid to valency research in Slovak linguistic works. The linguistic phenomena of a two-fold nature – both syntactic and morphological, lexical and orthographic – are closely described in a separate section. The following part focuses on works that analyse compound and complex sentences and questions related to the functioning of non-finite clauses. Finally, the papers dealing with textual syntax phenomena including marked syntactic constructions close the study. The summary brings a recapitulation of the findings and highlights the most prominent figures and the most crucial issues of the syntactic research. At the same time, it points to the challenges that have to be taken on by the linguistic community in the future.

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DATÍVNY REFLEXÍVNY MARKER “SI” A JEHO LEXIKOGRAFICKÉ SPRACOVANIE V SLOVENČINE

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Ivanová M.

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2018

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tom 83

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nr 3

235 - 260

EN

The study deals with the problems connected with the status of dative reflexive marker “si” and its lexicographical processing in Slovak dictionaries. Linguists do not share a common view in which cases the usage of dative reflexive marker can be described as an example of lexical reflexivity (reflexive words with derivative or empty lexical morphemes or reflexive variants), syntactic reflexivity (reflexive constructions with reflexive pronouns) or it is pragmatically motivated (non-reflexive verbs with particle “si” fulfilling pragmatic functions). The study describes the discrepancies in lexicographical processing of the given marker and offers solutions concerning its status in different types of constructions and semantic groups of verbs.

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SÚČASNÝ SLOVAKISTICKÝ VÝSKUM NA FILOZOFICKEJ FAKULTE PREŠOVSKEJ UNIVERZITY V PREŠOVE

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Ološtiak M. , Slančová D. , Ivanová M. , Kesselová J. , Bodnárová M. , Karpinský P.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

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2023

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tom 88

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nr 3

206 – 230

EN

The paper presents current research activities in Slovak linguistics carried out by members of the Department of the Slovak language at the Faculty of Arts, University of Prešov. After introducing the history of the institution which celebrates the 70th anniversary of its existence (dating back to early 50’s of the 20th century) (Chapter 2), the scope of the Slovak language research is presented (Chapters 3 – 8). The range of these research interests is rather broad, spanning from lexicology, word-formation, morphemics, onomastics, morphosyntax, interdisciplinary investigation (developmental psycholinguistics, teolinguistics, sport and media linguistics), historical linguistics, dialectology, to the study of Slovak as a foreign language. Within each domain, the relevant projects and publications are described. Finally, the last chapter provides a detailed overview of the perspectives of further research in the field.