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REPORTAGE AND WHAT SURROUNDS IT: OUTLINING THE TRADITION AND CONNECTIONS OF TWO TRANSITIONAL GENRES IN HUNGARIAN LITERATURE

100%

Balogh M.

World Literature Studies

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2019

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tom 11

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nr 1

81 - 90

EN

This study aims to examine the emergence and connections of two non-fictional genres, the report and sociography. Modernization forms the background for both genres: the report is a product of urbanization, while sociography was created by the need for the modernization of the village and the necessity of the peasantry’s emancipation. The study describes the parallels between the two genres based on the work of the first noteworthy Hungarian journalist-reporter, Kornél Tábori, and the activities of the sociographists of the 1930s, touching on their connections to literature and sociology as well. The study also discusses the literary report, as cultivated by both Polish and Hungarian writers at the turn of the century and during the interwar period. The closing remarks point out the parallels between sociography in Polish and world literature (the Przedmieście group, Neue Sachlichkeit, LEF, Novij LEF).

2

GENRE HYBRIDITY, SELF-DISCOVERY AND TRAUMA: ANDREA TOMPA’S THE HANGMAN’S HOUSE

100%

Balogh M.

World Literature Studies

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2023

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tom 15

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nr 4

83 – 95

EN

Andrea Tompa’s novel A hóhér háza (2010; The Hangman’s House, 2021) gives insight into a teenage girl’s coming of age during the last decades of the Ceauşescu regime. Recounting the story of three generations of a Transylvanian intelligentsia family, from the 1940s until the fall of the dictatorship in 1989, the novel depicts all the crucial moments of 20th-century Transylvanian history. At its crux stands a journey of self-discovery, which gains meaning in the context of the family history. This duality is reflected in the hybridity of the novel’s genre. Tompa’s work is of a hybrid genre that, in addition to the dominant presence of the autobiographical novel, encompasses elements of the Bildungsroman and the family novel. Self-discovery and family history are joined together in the protagonist’s character, as the traumatic experiences of the family past become crucial parts of the protagonist’s self-knowledge and personality through post-memory.

3

THE EXPERIENCE OF THE CENTRAL-EUROPEAN LITERATURE (Skusenost stredoeuropskej emigrantskej literatury)

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Balogh M.

World Literature Studies

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2010

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tom 2 (19)

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nr 4

49-55

EN

The article presents a publication which pursues one of the few discussed subjects of the comparative literary studies, literature of the Central-European literature of emigration from the viewpoint of the comparative studies. All of the literatures of emigration in the region lying between the German and Russian language areas are closely studied in the publication. The subject is innovatively and widely analysed, drawing on findings that in spite of considerable ideological differences, the situation of emigration disposes of several common general features. Although the narrowing of the subject in the publication is arguable (leaving out Baltic and Bulgarian material), the range is still impressively wide and deep. The extensive introductory study of John Neubauer not only presents the historical context of the given phenomenon, and the nodal points of the 'short twentieth century', but it brings a progressive special distribution of emigrations - it mentions the most important emigrant cultural centres from Vienna through Paris to Constantinople, or Moscow, or even New York and Argentina. It presents Moscow, in an innovative way, as an international cultural centre established after Hitler's rise to power and the subsequent emigrations from the East to the West; and for the first time the reader has a chance to read a relevant summary of the activities of Hungarian communist emigrants there. The collective of authors approaches the subject of the research in various ways, from institutional history to characteristic emigrant literary genres, or to outstanding literary careers. The multilayer and wide question of emigration is studied in a densely-woven net of text-focused analyses also using the methods of social sciences, psychology, sociology, communication theory. It is a pleasant feature of the book that it re-examines or revises topoi, stereotypes connected with the subject of research. It is an inspiring publication from the viewpoint of theory as well as a methodology. It represents rich material and is unavoidable for the further research.

4

NOTES ON THE CULTURAL AND IDEOLOGICAL CONTEXT OF THE IDEA OF 'NEPISEG' (POPULISM) IN THE DOCTRINE OF CENTRAL-EUROPEAN SOCIALIST REALISM (Poznamky k ideovo-historickemu kontextu pojmu 'ludovost' v stredoeuropskom socialistickom realizme)

100%

Balogh M.

World Literature Studies

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2009

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tom 1(18)

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nr 2

42-57

EN

The aim of the study is to describe and to examine the notion of 'nepiseg' (populism), which was one of the central conceptions of socialist realism and the major political requirement of the so-called new literature in the Stalinist era as declared by political and cultural leaders. This notion has not been researched thoroughly. The authoress of the present study, therefore, expresses her own reservations as far as her definition of the term, which eludes a precise definition, is concerned. 'Nepiesseg' (folksiness, traditionalism) describes the 'appearance of traditional elements in the elite culture' and it belongs to the authentic folkloristic/traditional elements of the culture. On the other hand, 'nepiseg' (populism) means 'traditionalism' which has turned into a 'political ideology' in the 'nepi' (populist) movement. It is obvious that only the latter can be applied to socialist realism. The authoress of the study tries to examine the ideological and cultural roots of these notions, concentrating on the ideological and critical aspects of the problem. The notion originated with Herder. In his 'Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte der Menschheit' (1784-1791), the German philosopher claimed that every nation has its own specific character rooted in prehistoric times and that language, popular tales, songs and customs preserve 'the spirit of the people'. This is 'the essence of the nation' and is articulated in several ways according to the members of the 'nepiesseg' literary trend. The idea of the core part of 'nepiesseg', of 'people' itself, however, remained unclear in both the 19th and the 20th centuries. In this way the works of Janos Horvath (1922) and many others following his theory canonized the notion in literary history. This undefined meaning of 'people' was one of the main issues of socialist realism. In the second part of the study, some case studies are presented, presupposing that 'nepiseg' is the most significant link between Hungarian and Czech socialist realism, and it is demonstrated how different the appearance of 'nepiseg' in these national versions of socialist realism was.