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3 Mikuláš R.

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PO STOPÁCH KOGNITÍVNEJ ESTETIKY VNÍMANIA

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Mikuláš R.

World Literature Studies

2015

tom 7 (24)

nr 4

52 – 63

The article investigates the research on the formal realization of psychological representations of percept in the literary environment. It attempts to reconstruct conceptualizations of perception and the possibility of their anchoring in related theories. With regard to this aspect, the author does not ponder upon the origin of the contents of perception as effects of biophysical processes. On the contrary, the focus lies within the functional aspect of perception and how it can be revealed on a linguistic level where complexity, variability and multi layeredness represent the key impulses of art and literature. The origin or emergence of perceptual meanings is not analysed since it falls under the competence of cognitive psychology, which approaches the issue with the relevant logic and on the basis of existing experimental methodological instruments. This is not a reason indeed not to reflect its arguments and results in further deliberation, e.g. on aesthetic communication. Therefore, the author’s elaboration on literary representation/communication of perceptual meanings is grounded in the term perception as defined by the minimal consensus of the cognitive sciences, e.g. in works by Wolf Singer, Francisco Varela and Humberto R. Maturana or in the other disciplines as in the case of Gerhard Roth, Siegfried J. Schmidt, Gebhard Rusch and others. Such consensus is at the same time explicitly present in constructivist and system theory oriented literary studies. This epistemological methodological paradigm of literary studies however is not the only one that provides the possibility to reflect perception. Phenomenology and hermeneutics introduce other basal literary theories which can provide another perspective on the phenomenon of the sensual experience.

KÁNON AKO FUNKCIA V AUTOREFLEXII SYSTÉMU LITERATÚRY

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Mikuláš R.

World Literature Studies

2015

tom 7 (24)

nr 3

63 – 75

Systems theory offers the opportunity to model communication as a principle of the self-organization of social systems. It is a tool for observing the mechanisms and principles of the construction of social reality made visible in acts of communication. Until the 1980s, systematic study of the canon was, in the German environment, inhibited by a traditional understanding of the canon, according to which the canon contained the best works. Since the overcoming of this idea, the study of the canon has become more differentiated as a part of the study of literature evaluation. The research of the mechanisms and components of the literary canon was becoming increasingly impotent in the literary scholarship of German-speaking countries in the n1980s; there is research about the historical background of its construction and its position in contemporary society. A certain consensus already exists, e.g. in the rejection of opinions that explain the construction of the canon through the aesthetic qualities of particular artistic works, as practised by Harold Bloom. On the contrary, the thinking about the canon converges in the idea that the canon reflects social conditions, group interests, etc. There are several varieties of social background-based canon formation; however, it is the textual aspects and the aesthetic qualities of texts that are undervalued as possible elements in the process of canonization, which is also typical for system-theoretical literary study in general, which accompanies and strongly influences canon research in Germany. The author ś reflections will develop primarily in the context of the systems theory developed by Niklas Luhmann and its application on the study of literature as an autopoietic system.

ASPEKTY VÝSKUMU LITERÁRNEJ KOMUNIKÁCIE V NEMECKY HOVORIACICH KRAJINÁCH

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Mikuláš R.

World Literature Studies

2014

tom 6 (23)

nr 3

79 – 99

The article focuses on the reconstruction of discourses on literary communication in the context of German literary studies. In German literary studies, discussions on literary communication mostly refer to Niklas Luhmann’s attempts to apply the systems theory to literary studies – i.e., the study of literature as a communication/social system. Luhmann’s reception in Germany is very divergent and has a transdisciplinary character. It is not easy to identify elements of systems theory in the cross-overs of literary studies and cultural and media studies. It seems meaningful to focus on the study of literary/aesthetic communication, which is, however, a long-term project. What we can offer here is only a few explorations to clarify the contribution of system-theory-oriented approaches in literary studies, or, alternatively, its limits. The problem is that in the situation when certain elements of the Luhmann’s theory are isolated and integrated into various literary studies projects, it is not possible to speak of systems-theory literary studies as a homogeneous stream with clear aims and methods.