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EN
Angiotensin (Ang) (1-9) is the renin-angiotensin-system peptide found in the plasma of healthy volunteers and after angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors therapy. In vitro experiments proved that Ang-(1-9) may be produced from Ang I. In our study, we tried to expand the poor data about the in vivo properties of Ang-(1-9). We revealed that Ang-(1-9) enhanced electrically stimulated arterial thrombosis in the carotid artery of Wistar rats. Losartan, a selective blocker of AT1 receptor for Ang II, abolished the prothrombotic activity of Ang-(1-9). This peptide increased plasma level of fibrinogen, augments fibrin generation, and similarly to Ang II, potentiated collagen induced platelet aggregation. Using HPLC, we found that after incubation of Ang-(1-9) with platelet homogenates or after intravenous administration this peptide is converted to Ang II. We concluded that Ang-(1-9) exerts an Ang II-like prothrombotic effect due to the conversion to Ang II in the circulatory system of rats and that platelets are involved in this process.
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EN
Although the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) in clinical practice brought the great chance to recognize the RAS role in the physiology and pathology, there are still many questions which we cannot answer. This article reviews actually known pathways of angiotensin II (Ang II) and other peptides of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) production and their physiological significance. The various carboxy- and aminopeptidases generate a range of peptides, like Ang II, Ang III, Ang IV, Ang-(1-7) and Ang-(1-9) possessing their own and known biological activity. In this issue especially the alternative pathways of Ang II synthesis involving enzymes other than angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) are discussed. We present many evidences for the significance of a new pathway of Ang II production. It has been clearly shown that Ang I may be converted to Ang-(1-9) by angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE-2) and then into Ang II in some tissues, but the enzymes responsible for this process are unknown till now. Although there are many data proving the existence of alternative pathways of Ang II production, we can still block only ACE and angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1) in clinical practice. It seems that a lot needs to be done before we can wildly complexively control RAS and treat more effectively cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension or heart failure.
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Content available remote N-methylnicotinamide inhibits arterial thrombosis in hypertensive rats
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EN
There are few findings indicating that nicotinamide may potentially influence intravascular thrombosis. Interestingly, N-methylnicotinamide, one of the metabolites of nicotinamide - could be more potent than its parent compound. In the present study we have investigated the influence of N-methylnicotinamide on arterial thrombosis in normotensive and renovascular hypertensive rats. The contribution of platelets, coagulation and fibrinolytic systems in the mode of N-methylnicotinamide action was also determined. Furthermore, we examined the role of nitric oxide/prostacyclin in the mechanisms of N-methylnicotinamide action. N-methylnicotinamide, but not nicotinamide, administered intravenously into renovascular hypertensive rats developing electrically induced arterial thrombosis caused dose-dependent decrease of thrombus weight, collagen-induced platelet aggregation and plasma antigen/activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor - 1, without changing of occlusion time, routine coagulation parameters and plasma activity of tissue plasminogen activator. Indomethacin - an inhibitor of prostacyclin synthesis, completely abolished the antithrombotic and antiplatelet effect of N-methylnicotinamide, and the plasma level of 6-keto-PGF1alpha, prostacyclin metabolite, increased simultaneously with the inhibition of thrombus formation. Our study shows that N-methylnicotinamide via production/release of prostacyclin inhibits arterial thrombosis development. The antithrombotic effect of N-methylnicotinamide is accompanied by platelet inhibition and enhanced fibrinolysis, due to the decrease production of plasminogen activator inhibitor - 1.
EN
Although there are some in vitro evidence that angiotensin II (Ang II) may promote thrombosis, there is still no data concerning effect of Ang II on arterial thrombus formation. In the present study we have investigated the influence of Ang II on electrically induced arterial thrombosis in a common carotid artery of renovascular hypertensive rats. Furthermore, we examined if Ang II effect is mediated via AT1 receptor. We measured some coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters at the same time. Since platelets play crucial role in the initiation of arterial thrombosis their contribution in the mode of Ang II action was also determined. Intravenous infusion of Ang II caused significant increase in arterial thrombus weight, which was reversed by losartan, selective AT1 receptor antagonist. The prothrombotic effect of Ang II was accompanied by increase in haemostatic and decrease in fibrinolytic potential of rat plasma. While number of data has clearly demonstrated that Ang II can augment human platelets aggregation, at least in rats, platelets were not involved in the mechanism of Ang II action. Our study shows that Ang II via AT1 receptor accelerates arterial thrombosis in renovascular hypertensive rat, therefore may be considered as a risk factor of myocardial infarction or stroke.
EN
This study compared the antihrombotic effect of plasma angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is): captopril (CAP), enalapril (ENA) and Tissue ACE-Is: perindopril (PER), quinapril (QUIN) in experimental venous and arterial thrombosis. Normotensive Wistar rats were treated p.o. with CAP (75 mg/kg), ENA (20 mg/kg), PER (2 mg/kg) and QUIN (3 mg/kg) for 10 days. The influence of ACE-Is on coagulation and fibrinolytic systems as well as platelet function was evaluated. The hypotensive effect of ACE-Is was equal in all groups. QUIN mantained the final carotid blood flow at the highest value in comparison to PER and plasma ACE-Is. The arterial thrombus weight was reduced in PER and QUIN groups while venous thrombus weight was also reduced after CAP. Tissue andplasma ACE-Is caused the inhibition of platelet adhesion and aggregation. A reduction of fibrin generation, prolongation of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and shortening of euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT) were observed after PER and QUIN treatment. In conclusion, given in equipotent hypotensive doses, Tissue ACE-Is exerted more pronounced antithrombotic effect than plasma ACE-Is in experimental thrombosis. The differences between Tissue and plasma ACE-Is in terms of their more pronounced inhibition of experimental thrombosis may be related to the intensified activation of fibrinolysis and inhibition of coagulation.
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