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Obrażanie uczuć religijnych chrześcijan – kontekst niemiecki

100%

Maszkowski R.

tom 19

59-73

In a pluralistic society that is secularizing and moving away from the foundations of Christianity, such as the society of Germany, there will be tensions and conflicts between the right to freedom of expression and the right to freedom of religion. For this reason, it is debatable whether and to what extent it is possible to restrict the former freedom in favor of respect for the latter. The legal arrangements in Germany regulate this issue quite explicitly and do not so much protect the religious feelings of believers as the preservation of social order. This criterion leads to different decisions in individual disputes. It can be noted that one of the important factors influencing the judgment of the institution of law is often the strength of the expression of one’s disapproval of offending religious feelings, which is less frequent, and certainly weaker, on the side of Christians. The depictions of their contents, symbols and holy figures that offend Christians have more often received insufficient attention from the media and the judiciary than has been the case with other religions. Perhaps this was due to the insufficient voice of outrage in contrast to the followers of Judaism and Islam, who unite in protest and speak with one voice.

Jezus jako „syn Marii” w Koranie

100%

Maszkowski R.

tom 1

87-109

The title „Son of Mary”, depicted in the article, belongs to the most early and the most popular qualifications of Jesus in the Koran. It appears 23 times independently as well as in the combination with other titles and qualifications of Jesus. It characterizes his biography and includes a theological message. Its use is related not only to the presentation of Jesus’ person and life, but was useful in Mohammed’s polemic with Christians and Jews. The Koran’s monotheism and the person of Mary strengthen the human nature of Jesus which is emphasized in the title „Son of Mary”. Both Allah’s creating word and extraordinary conception, the birth of Jesus as well as the exceptionality of Mary and her son are involved to the essence of the title in three mentioned aspects: biographical, theological and polemical. Jesus as „Son of Mary” was a historical figure; who was wanted by Allah; who came into being in an extraordinary way; who realized with devotion the mission, the essential part of which was the part of mother. The virginal conception and birth of Jesus as miraculous action of God is neither the proof of Jesus’ deity nor of Allah’s fatherhood. According to the Koran Jesus is and remains the real man as well as the only and exceptional „Son of Mary”.