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EN
A new method based on combined atomic force microscopy (AFM) and fluorescence microscopy observations, is proposed to visualize the insertion of glycosylphosphatidyl inositol (GPI) anchored alkaline phosphatase from buffer solutions into supported phospholipid bilayers. The technique involves the use of 27 nm diameter fluorescent latex beads covalently coupled to the amine groups of proteins. Fluorescence microscopy allows the estimation of the relative protein coverage into the membrane and also introduces a height amplification for the detection of protein/bead complexes with the AFM. The coupling of the beads with the amine groups is not specific; this new and simple approach opens up new ways to investigate proteins into supported membrane systems.
EN
To study the pathogenesis of bovine spongiform encephalopathy infection in small ruminants, two Lacaune sheep with the AA136RR154QQ171 and one with the AA136RR154RR171 genotype for the prion protein, were inoculated with a brain homogenate from a French cattle BSE case by peripheral routes. Sheep with the ARQ/ARQ genotype are considered as susceptible to prion diseases contrary to those with the ARR/ARR genotype. The accumulation of disease-associated prion protein (PrPd) was analysed by biochemical and immunohistochemical methods. No PrPd accumulation was detected in samples from the ARR/ARR sheep 2 years post inoculation. In the two ARQ/ARQ sheep that had scrapie-like clinical symptoms, PrPd was found in the central, sympathetic and enteric nervous systems and in lymphoid organs. Remarkably, PrPd was also detected in some muscle types as well as in all peripheral nerves that had not been reported previously thus revealing a widespread distribution of BSE-associated PrPd in sheep tissues.
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