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Transitions in old age: the meanings of body from the perspective of older adults with acquired impairment

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Sedláková T. , Petrová Kafková M.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2021

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tom 57

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nr 3

315-342

EN

This paper summarises the knowledge about transition from the third age to what is called the fourth age. The study understands ageing as an embodied process and explores the meanings that are attached to the body in the narratives of older persons who have acquired impairment in later life and are receiving care. Because the onset of impairment and infirmity marks a point of transition, the study considers the bodily aspects of the ageing process as key elements, despite this being highly problematic in current social gerontology. The authors call for a complex approach to understanding the meanings of the body in the transitions into old age and drawing on their own study based on three repeated interviews with ten older adults conducted over the course of one year (8 women, mean age = 83.8 years), they explore the meanings that are attached to the body in the context of receiving care. Their analysis of the personal accounts and narratives of everyday activities from the participants in their study revealed that embodiment in action is the main topic through which participants experienced their everydayness. The meanings of embodiment in action are shaped and reconstructed on three dimensions that capture important processes of embodiment in action: the sensing of the body (the Body as an Organiser of Activities), anticipation of the body (the Body as an Uncertain Companion), and the managing of the body (the Body as Work to Be Done). The findings offer insights into the processes of transitions in old age, in which the emotional, social, and behavioural aspects of embodiment in action, rather than age, play the key role. The study further highlights that the meanings of the body are complex, highly relevant, and should not be overlooked within the organisational practice of social and health care.

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Čtvrtý věk jako specifické pole pro vyjádření aktérství

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Petrová Kafková M. , Sedláková T.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2017

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tom 53

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nr 5

719-735

EN

The concept of the fourth age has until recently been an overlooked topic in social gerontology, which in past decades has focused more closely on the third age. This article provides an overview of commonly applied definitions of the fourth age. It focuses on concepts that do not view the fourth age as an unavoidable stage in life but rather as a stage in which the shared vulnerabilities and responsibilities for care that some older adults may experience need to be recognised. The article devotes a more in-depth discussion to the issue of agency in the fourth age, the possibilities for the existence of agency, and forms of agency. It challenges the idea that the fourth age is a stage in life without agency and argues that agency can be identified through its relational definitions. It also highlights the problems of understanding independence in the context of advanced old age. The article draws attention to the risk of greater polarisation in old age that lies in the positive value ascribed in current social gerontology to the dominant concept of the third age and in associating the negative stereotypes of old age with just the fourth age. The conclusion highlights the problems surrounding the possibility of active ageing in the fourth age.

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" Krásne prší, dedko, poďme! A tak sme išli" : Starootcovstvo ako neopomenuteľná rola starších mužov

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Sedláková T. , Galčanová L. , Bělehradová A.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2018

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tom 54

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nr 1

101-126

EN

The study examines the experiences of contemporary older Czech men specifically in their role as grandfathers. Despite the great body of research devoted to the issues of grandparenthood, most attention, both locally and internationally, has been given to women and grandmotherhood. To overcome this shortcoming, we present findings based on eleven qualitative interviews conducted with men with diverse grandparenting experiences and performing various forms of caring practices. Grandparenting is a negotiated, relational, and highly gendered social role, which we explored in our research through our respondents’ narratives focused on everydayness and memories of their own experience as a grandchild. Based on their self-reflective narratives we were able to describe the performative potential of grandparenting and define four types of activities through which grandfather roles take shape. On this basis we were also able to describe the spatio-temporal aspects of these practices, which proved to be crucial for understanding of gender issues of grandfatherhood. Although the narratives of the participants in our research reflect an active approach to fulfilling the grandparenting role, their caring practices are still predominantly structured in a gender-stereotyped way. In terms of theory, our research results build on and seek to contribute to one of the most influential theoretical models of grandfathers’ involvement proposed by Bates and Taylor.

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Religiozita, spiritualita a stáří : teorie a výzkumy

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Marciniak R. , Sheardová K. , Sedláková T. , Vyhnálek M. , Hort J.

Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)

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2019

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tom 63

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nr 6

644-663

EN

Research on religiosity and spirituality especially in relation to health has been receiving growing attention. Typical old age problems like increased health problems, nearness of death, a change in lifestyle and value orientation etc. begs the question of the importance of religiosity and spirituality in this life stage. The aim of this work was to present conceptual and methodological definitions of the religiosity and spirituality as well as introduce important psychological theories and empirical studies in this field. Main themes and results are presented. Mostly positive view in psychological theories on the role of religiosity and spirituality in old age was generally confirmed in empirical studies, although research in this area faces serious methodological and conceptual difficulties.

CS

Religiozita a spiritualita je v posledních letech předmětem zvýšeného výzkumného zájmu. Stáří, které přináší například větší míru zdravotních obtíží, vědomí blížící se smrti, změnu životního stylu i hodnotové orientace, aktualizuje také otázku role religiozity a spirituality v této životní etapě. Cílem práce je představit konceptuální a metodické vymezení problematiky a také důležité psychologické teorie a empirické studie objevující se na tomto poli. Z početného spektra studií a metaanalýz formulují autoři hlavní směry a otázky, kterými se psychologie v tomto kontextu zabývá. Převážně pozitivní nahlížení na úlohu religiozity a spirituality ve stáří, které zprostředkovávají psychologické teorie, je do značné míry potvrzováno v empirických studiích, přesto se výzkum v této oblasti potýká s vážnými metodologickými a konceptuálními obtížemi.