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Introduction: Women’s daily nutrition should include proper amounts of vitamins, ingredients and fluids. The shortage or surplus of any ingredient can negatively affect the health condition of a mother or hera baby Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the quality of the diet of pregnant wome in Poland against the World Health Organization (WHO) and European Union (EU) recommendations concerning requirements for vitamins and minerals. Methodology: 512 pregnant women in their 20th -30th week of pregnancy took part in the research conducted by the means of observation of a 7-day diet. Consumed products were analyzed by the means of DIETETYK software developed by the Polish National Food and Nutrition Institute (NFNI). Obtained micro- values were averaged. The results were compared with the recommendations of the WHO UE and NFN and analyzed statistically (test Chi2). Results: A lower consumption than 400g/day of fruit and vegetables in the diets was found in 4.68% of pregnant women. Mean values for vitamins: D – 2.64 ug/person, B6 – 1.76 mg/person and folic acid – 1603 ug/person, as well as average values for mineral components: calcium 689 mg/person, magnesium 255 mg/person, iron – 10.1 mg/person, zinc – 9.2 mg/person were also lower than daily recommended values. Daily level for sodium, phosphorus and vitamin A were exceeded. Conclusion: Results indicate insufficient knowledge of pregnant women about proper nutrition during pregnancy. Supplementing most vitamins and mineral components, beginning with a first pregnancy trimester, is necessary. Women at childbearing age must be educated about the necessity for proper nutrition during and before a pregnancy.
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Alcohol related harm is a global problem for public health where frequent consumption of large amounts of alcohol constitutes a serious health risk, particularly to vulnerable groups such as adolescents, pregnant women and newborns. The epidemiological study on health-lifestyle behaviour, especially alcohol consumption, was performed on a randomised group of post-partum women’s health behaviour during pregnancy, covering drinking habits, was undertaken in 2010, 2011 and 2012, (n=8,237) according to the PRAMS model including effects on the foetus and newborn; women being selected from obstetric and gynaecological wards. In this Polish study, only 14% of women did not consume alcohol before becoming pregnant while 15% of women drank alcohol throughout the entire period of pregnancy. In addition, awareness of the harmful effects of alcohol consumed, especially of small amounts, before and during pregnancy is low among Polish women. It is also alarming that more than 55% of physicians who provide care for pregnant women do not discuss with them the harmful effect of alcohol on the organism of the mother and foetus, whereas over 2% of doctors even recommend the consumption of alcohol in pregnancy. With reference to the Barker’s Foetal Origin of Diseases Hypothesis, the authors suggest such alcohol drinking behaviour of women during their reproductive ages and while pregnant may exert negative health effects on offspring, mainly in the form of susceptibility to contracting chronic diseases. Such findings pose a risk to future generations in Poland and require remedial/educational action targeted on health care professionals and public like.
EN
Background: Prevalence of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and right aberrant subclavian artery (ASA) separately is relatively common in general population, and much higher in some disorders. Surprisingly, coexistence of both valve and vessel anomalies has only been reported in single cases. Materials and methods: From 2008 to 2016, in a single, high-volume tertiary cardiac centre, patients who underwent chest computed tomography (CT) for various reasons, were retrospectively screened for the presence of right ASA. Results: Seventy-two patients with either right or left ASA were identified by CT. Among them 7 cases of BAV and right ASA coexistence were identified. Additionally, 1 case with coexisting common origin of carotid arteries (COCA) was visualised in this subgroup. Conclusions: Although coexistence of ASA and BAV has not been reported in paediatric population, it has been diagnosed in very few adults as well as in our series. Additional presence of COCA in this group seems to be very rare. From practical point of view, heart cannulation via the radial artery and subsequent ASA may be challenging. Similarly, COCA presence may have surgical implications during corrective procedures. (Folia Morphol 2017; 76; 3: 414–419)
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