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Badania epidemiologiczne i działania interwencyjne dotyczące palenia tytoniu w Polskim Projekcie 400 Miast

100%

Zdrojewski T. , Wierucki Ł. , Balwicki Ł. , Rutkowski M.

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nr 2

PL

Epidemiological survey and antitobacco intervention in Polish 400 Cities ProjecCardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the principal cause of death in Poland. The main reasons are high prevalence and low detectability of main risk factors: arterial hypertension, diabetes and hyprelipidaemia. Also smoking is one of the main CVD risk factor. Polish 400 Cities Project consists of the following modules: 1. social marketing preceding screening tests and education,2. medical intervention – screening tests,3. education for local leaders regarding health promotion and CVD prevention,4. antitobacco intervention,5. educational intervention for children: training program for teachershealth promotion among pupils,6. training programs for doctors and nurses,7. education for patients with newly-detected diseases.Antitobacco module contains the following interventions:1) social marketing via mass media,2) education among children in schools,3) education for smoking patients with newly-detected diseases,4) training program for doctors: treatment of nicotinism,5) training program for local representatives: elaboration of local antitobacco program,6) in 2006 new module – antitobacco intervention for pregnant women.In years 2003–2006 screening tests were performer among 92378 adults. Tobacco smoking was reported by 12.3% of woman and 21.9% of men, mainly in the age group 25–45 (W 21.1%; M 28.5%). Data from intervention among children show that among 24,005 ten years old boys and girls, 5.7% girls and 12.8% boys say “yes” for the question “have you ever smoke” in the questionnaire interview. In years 2006–2008 the main antitobacco module was antitobacco intervention for pregnant women. The purpose of the research was to measure phenomenon of active and passive smoking among pregnant women in the smallest cities with surrounding villages. The aim was also to trace social features associated with smoking and develop the strategy for future antitabacco interventions. The research was conducted along with intervention based on American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 5 A’s model tailored for pregnant women adjusted to Polish organizational limitations. The model include 1) asking about tobacco smoking during every contact with pregnant women, 2) advising not to smoke or avoid passive exposure, 3) assessing the determination to make a quit attempt, 4) assist with the trial, 5) arrange next meeting with the focus on the problem. During the research 919 pregnant women were questioned and examined with micro Co device. Among that number were 22% of active smokers and 31% exposed on passive smoking in their home or work. The prevalence of smoking were higher among lower educated – 46% of women with only primary school compared with 7% of women with university diploma. Smoking was more frequent among women with lower per capita personal income. 80% of smoking pregnant women were motivated to make a quit attempt.

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The prevalence of dyspnea in the adult Polish population

75%

Undrunas A. , Bandosz P. , Rutkowski M. , Puch-Walczak A. , Kuziemski K. , Zdrojewski T.

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nr 6

747-752

EN

Objectives Dyspnea is one of the most predominant symptom in clinical practice. There is a lack of data about incidents of dyspnea among Polish adults therefore it would be important to establish prevalence of this symptom before COVID-19 pandemic to assess the impact of this infection on the functioning of the adult Polish population in the future. The aim of the study was to establish prevalence of dyspnea in adult Polish population. Material and Methods It was an observational-cross-sectional study, with representative sample of adult Poles aged 18–79 years. The 2413 participants were surveyed. Responders were asked if and when dyspnea occurs and what is its severity in relation to one of four categories (A, B, C, and D) describing the impact of dyspnea on reduced exercise tolerance and daily activities. Results The 67.1% of the respondents answered negatively to all question about experiencing dyspnea (females (F) 61% vs. males (M) 74%, p < 0.05). Dyspnea only during intense physical exertion (A), was reported by 22.8% (F 26.2% vs. M 19.2%, p = 0.07). Dyspnea limiting daily activities (B, C and D) was reported by 10.1% (F 13.1% vs. M 7%, p < 0.05). Significant differences in the severity of dyspnea were found between the age groups. People diagnosed with chronic heart failure or lung diseases significantly more often reported dyspnea than people without these conditions. Conclusions Every tenth Pole reported dyspnea limiting performing activities of daily living. Additionally, about 20% of Poles experienced dyspnea considered as "gray area," only during intense physical exertion, that requires deepening and clarifying the medical history.

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Statistical methods for the assessment of students' knowledge as illustrated by the Introduction to Internal Medicine exam

63%

Stefański A. I. , Bladowska N. , Więczkowska A. , Wojtyniak B. , Ignaszewska-Wyrzykowska A. , Jasiel-Wojculewicz H. , Jendrzejewski J. , Rutkowski M. , Zdrojewski T.

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nr 1

22-27

EN

Background We wanted to develop substantial and statistical methodology for complex assessment of quality of teaching in internal medicine at a medical university. Our aim was also to check the connection between the results obtained during the midterm and final exam. Material and methods We compared the results obtained by Polish (PD, n=235) and English Division (ED, n=81) students achieved during the midterm exam and multiple-choice final exam. The mean scores were calculated with t-Student test. For further evaluation Wilcoxon tests were used with the Bonferroni correction, The Stuart-Maxwell test was carried out to verify the hypothesis about correlations between results in the midterm and final exam. Results The mean midterm exam score was 84.4% in PD and 72.6% in ED (p <0.0001) and mean final exam score was respectively 72.3% and 55.6% (p <0.0001). Good result of the final exam was obtained by 62% of students who passed well the midterm exam. Conclusions It is crucial to use appropriate tools to grade the quality of teaching. To evaluate that one should use advance statistical tests. The fact that ED students achieve less points on the exams might have several reasons such as the language barrier. Obtaining a good result during midterm exam does not guarantee passing the final exam.

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Epidemiology of physical activity in adult Polish population in the second decade of the 21st century. Results of the NATPOL 2011 study

63%

Drygas W. , Sakłak W. , Kwaśniewska M. , Bandosz P. , Rutkowski M. , Bielecki W. , Rębowska E. , Prusik K. , Zdrojewski T.

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nr 6

846-855

EN

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess physical activity (PA) level in a representative sample of Polish adults.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed among 2413 randomly selected individuals (51.5% women) aged 18-79 years, who participated in the Nationwide Study of Occurrence of Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases NATPOL 2011 (March-July 2011). The study procedures consisted of a questionnaire as well as of anthropometric, blood pressure and biochemical measurements. Leisure-time, occupational and commuting PA were assessed by the use of a questionnaire interview. Results: About 48.2% of adults do exercise for at least 30 minutes on most days of a week. About 11% of the respondents declare a sedentary lifestyle. About 26.5% of working population report hard physical work, while sedentary work is reported by 47.6% of the employed participants. Active commuting is declared by 27.3% of working/studying population. About 47.2%, 36.6%, and 15.3% spend < 15, 15-30, and > 30 min per day, respectively, on this kind of PA. Conclusions: PA level of more than half of Polish adults is still not satisfactory. Promotion of an active lifestyle should concern mainly leisure-time and commuting PA with paying special attention to substantial differences in various socio-demographic groups.

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The level of knowledge of diabetic prevention in Poland – is there a phenomenon of pluralistic ignorance?

63%

Pawlak-Sobczak K. , Drygas W. , Kwaśniewska M. , Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E. , Pająk A. , Kozakiewicz K. , Zdrojewski T. , Rutkowski M. , Tykarski A. , Bielecki W.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2021

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tom 34

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nr 5

667-678

EN

ObjectivesThe main aim of this work is to assess the level of knowledge about diabetes prevention and the consequences of untreated diabetes in the Polish society, as well as to indicate the variables that have a significant impact on that knowledge.Material and MethodsThe analysis is based on the results of the National Multicenter Health Survey – WOBASZ II. The number of subjects surveyed was 6170, including 2760 men and 3410 women, aged 20–74 years. Data on socio-demographic variables, lifestyle and subjective health assessment were collected using the face-to-face technique.ResultsThe results obtained in the WOBASZ II project showed that >85% of the respondents had an unsatisfactory level of knowledge about diabetes prevention methods and approximately to 85% of the respondents – about the consequences of untreated diabetes. Moreover, one-fourth of the respondents were unable to identify a single way of preventing diabetes, and more than one-third could not identify a single disease caused by diabetes. The risk of a lack of knowledge about diabetes prevention and the consequences of untreated diabetes is more common for men, people with a low level of education, not married, non-diabetic, and without diagnosed diabetes in the family.ConclusionsThe presented results indicate that there is an prevailing lack of knowledge about diabetes prevention and the consequences of untreated diabetes in the Polish society. It is associated with several variables like: sex, level of education, age, marital status, subjective health assessment and diabetes diagnosed in the respondent and/or in the respondent’s family.