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EN
The effect of vitamin C on the activity of alpha-amylase of plasma and tissuess was examined on 25 rabbits. The activity of alpha-amylase was determined by the method of Caraway and vitamin C by the method of Roe-Kuethner. It was found that sorbic acid increases the activity of alpha-amylase in panreas by 12.5%, in parothidic glands by 5.2%, in liver by 92.3%, in duodenum by 18.7% and in jejunum by 11.1%. The initial decrease of plasma activity of alpha-amylase from 4866 u/l to 4142 u/l coincided with an increase of the content of vitamin C from 14.2 µmol/l to 287.0 µmol/1. After 24 h since the application of vitamin C when plasma level of vitamin C lowered to an initial value the acivity of alpha-amylase increased to 8156 u/l. The application of vitamin C in substantia or food containing high concentration of this vitamin may give some unexpected results. Alterations in alpha-amylase activity by vitamin C may play a valid role when the activity of this enzyme is determined for diagnostic purposes.
RU
У 24 мясных цуплят возрастом 8 недель, разделенных на 4 экспериментальные группы, кормленных диетой без витамина С либо с его добавкой, определили методом Ре-Кюнтера уровень аскорбовой кислоты в плазме и тканях. Показали, что стенка пищеварительного тракта играет существенную роль в продукции аскорбовой кислоты. Содержание витамина С в плазме и тканях цыплят зависит от его синтеза в тканях и доставки извне. Высшую концентрацию этого витамина наблюдали в печени и тошей кишке, низшую же — в слепой кишке и желудке. После диеты, лишенной витамина С, наблюдали у цыплят понижение уровня аскорбовой кислоты в плазме и печени на 20%.
EN
In 24 meat type breed chicken aging 8 weeks in 4 experimental groups fed a diet without vitamin C or enriched with vitamin C, the level of ascorbic acid in plasma and tissues was determined by the method of Roe-Kuenther. It was found that intestinal wall plays a key role in ascorbic acid production. The content of vitamin C in plasma and in tissues of chickens depends on vitamin C synthesis in tissues and on its intake with food. Higher vitamin C concentration was found in liver and in ileus, lower one in coecum and stomach. In chickens fed a diet devoid of vitamin C the content of ascorbic acid in plasma and liver decreased by 20%.
EN
The objective of the study was to demonstrate the course of the vit. C synthesis process in broilers from their 1st to 56th days after hatching as compared to their organ growth and body mass. The vit. C level was established according to Roe-Kuether’s method in the liver, spleen, kidneys and heart of 56 broilers slaughtered in groups of six birds every week. It was proved that in the chicken broilers in their embryonal stage, the greatest amount of vit. C was synthesized by kidneys - 160.6 mg/kg of tissue, then liver - 143.0 mg/kg, slighty less by the spleen - 107.3 mg/kg and heart - 99.0 mg/kg of tissue. Over the first two months vit. C synthesis in the liver increases together with age (from 143.0 to 291.5 mg/kg tissue). The liver weight growth in the first period is similar and proportional to body weight growth, therefore it can be assumed that the liver is a substantial source of vit. C over the first two months after hatching. In the spleen, the vit. C synthesis expressed in mg/kg of tissue was the highest on the first day of life after which it decreased (from 107.3 mg/kg to 56.1 mg/kg) However, an intensive organ weight growth, as much as 56.4 times, caused a considerable increase of the vitamin synthesis by the whole organ (from 0.0108 to 0.316 mg/whole organ). In the first 56 days of the life the heart synthesizes an almost identical amount of vit. C (about 99.0 to 110.0 mg/kg), in terms of mg/kg of tissue. The body weight growth was higher than that of the heart weight (30.5 times and 61.8 times). It should be stated that the heart in this period of time provides a decreasing amount of vit. C. An intensive vit. C synthesis appears in the kidney - from 160.6 mg/kg to 215.6 mg/kg. As kidney weight growth was nearly the same as body weight, it should be confirmed that the kidneys are a major source of vit. C for a young body. Vit. C. synthesis in broilers throughout their first two months increases together with age, yet in some unfavourable environment conditions it may be insufficient. That is way it would be advisable to administer vit. C as a preventive over this period of time.
EN
The effect of calcium on the synthesis of vitamin C in chicken tissues was examined. The content of vitamin C was determined in chicken tissue by the Roe-Kuether method and the activity of l-gulono-γ-oxidase active in the terminal phase of vitamin C synthesis by the Chatterjee method. Absorption of vitamin C and calcium from the intestines was determined in vivo by the method of a perfused intestinal loop. A significant increase of vitamin C was observed in the liver (58.4%), jejunal wall (65.85), pectoral muscle (100%). L-gulono-γ-oxidase also increased in all tissues under study. Calcium increased absorption of vitamin C from intestines. Absorption of vitamin C in the jejunum was determined at a concentration of 500 and 1000 mg/l of calcium. Calcium at a concentration of 500 mg/l increased absorption of vitamin C from 2.6 mg/l/cm²/60 min to 3.78 mg/l/cm²/60 min. Absorption of calcium was determined at a concentration of 200 mg/l of vitamin C. Vitamin C decreased absorption of calcium from the jejunum from 3.32 mg/l/cm²/60 min to 1.40 mg/l/cm²/60 min.
RU
У 48 цыплят исследовали поглощение из кишек витамина С в присутствии витамина B₁ и фолиевой кислоты методом in vitro Уильсона и Виземана. Показали, что процесс поглощения аскорбовой кислоты протекает с одинаковой интенсивностью в ближайшей и дальнейшей части тощей кишки. Способность к поглощению витамина С см² площади слепой кишки больше на 22% по сравнению с см² площади тощей кишки. Витамин B₁ существенно уменьшает поглощение аскорбовой кислоты из кишек цыплят, фолиевая же кислота увеличивает этот процесс. Витамин В₁, а также фолиевая кислота, вводимые в корме и промышленных смесях, в веществе как лекарство для цыплят, а также обильно образуемые в пищеварительном тракте цыплят — детерминируют поглощение витамина С из кишек, что следует принимать во внимание в случаях увеличенного запроса организма на аскорбовую кислоту.
EN
The process of absorption of vit. C in the presence of vit. B₁ and folic acid was examined in 48 chickens using Wilson and Wiseman’s method. It was found that the process of ascorbic acid absorption of the same intensity took place at the nearer and futher part of the jejunum. The ability of vit. C absorption by the surface of 1 cm² of the coecum was higher at 22% compared with the same area of the jejunum. Vit. B₁ decreased the process of ascorbic acid absorption from the chickens intestines; in contrast folic acid augmented this process. Vit. B₁ and folic acid given with fodder and industrial mixtures as a drug for poultry, and produced abundantly in the alimentary tract of chickens influence vit. C absorption from intestines; it should be taken into acount in cases of increased needs of organisms for ascorbic acids.
EN
The observations were done on 45 broilers at the age of 2—4 months. Using the method of perfused intestinal loop vivo, the absorption of vitamin C from jejunum and coecum at the presence of volatile fatty acids: acetic, propionic and butyric and separately butyric was determined. Ascorbic acid was determined by the method of Roe-Kuethner. It was found that the three basal volatile fatty acids and butyric acid alone decreased absorption of vitamin C and that this decrease depended upon the concentration of volatile fatty acids. Increased concentration of the acids lowered the rate of vitamin C absorption. Volatile fatty acids at a concentration of 50 mM/L lowered absorption of vitamic C in jejunum up to 80,8% (from 2.6 to 2.1 mg/L/cm²/60 min.) and in coecum up to 87.8% (from 4.1 to 3.6 mg/L/cm²/60 min.). Higher concentrations of volatile fatty acids as 130 mM/L lowered absorption of vitamic C more intensively up to 65.4% in jejunum (from 2.6 to 1.7 mg/L/cm²/60 min.) and in coecum up to 68.3% (from 4.1 to 2.8 mg/L/cm²/60 min.). The most active appeared to be propionic acid then butyric and acetic acid. Food of a high content of carbohydrates produces volatile fatty acids in the alimentary tract of poultry decreasing absorption of vitamin C. Therefore enrichment of food with vitamin C or application of vitamin C in poultry is necessary.
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