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The Twilight of the China’s Decade? American Problems with Chinese Trade Policy

100%

Ludwikowski R. R.

Ad Americam

2016

nr 17

221-229

The main goal of this article is to present to the European reader the implications of the crisis of the Chinese banking system, which peaked in August 2015, and triggered a period of high volatility in the U.S. stock market. As a result, trade relations between China and the U.S. have deteriorated, which raises the question of whether the Chinese economic system will implode and contribute to the global crisis, or whether it can be controlled by Beijing? The article assumes two things: that subsidies are at the core of U.S. criticism of Chinese trade priorities; and that to understand recent American-Chinese trade conflicts, we must first review the more general issue of American attitudes towards the subsidizing practices of non-market economies. The article will conclude with the observation that, in discussing the obvious points that China needs more market-oriented reforms and should be more open to U.S. trade priorities, we may overlook some other more important problems, such as differences in the business cultures of both countries. So, rather than forcing uncertain compromises, American and Chinese trade experts must develop better problem solving skills and discuss new fields of collaboration.

Daniel Finke, Thomas Konig, Sven-Oliver Proksch, George Tsebelis, Reforming the European Union. Realizing the Impossible, [Princeton University Press, Princeton 2012, 248 s.]

100%

Ludwikowski R. R.

nr 2

199-202

Ochrona praw człowieka z perspektywy amerykańskiej oceny historycznego legatu Rady Europy

100%

Ludwikowski R. R.

Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe

2009

nr 3

125-135

Education and Promotion of Human Rights from a European and American Perspective

100%

Ludwikowski R. R.

Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe

2008

nr 2

99-116

Prezydencjalizm amerykański w świetle reformy imigracyjnej Baracka Obamy.

63%

Ludwikowski R. R. , Ludwikowska A. M.

Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe

2015

nr 4

129-148

The main purpose of this article is to bring the reader into an atmosphere of intensity created by the political disputes about the need of immigration reform in the United States. It is unquestionable that problems of the immigrants, who for decades were crossing illegally American borders, contribute to internal political turbulences in this country. This article proceeds on the assumption, that the immigration related problems created a social „melting pot” which became one of the most serious challenges for the American policymakers. The confrontation of the President with Congress was inevitable. On the one hand, Obama’s administration started to regulate the status of illegal immigrants by executive orders; on the other hand, the Congress was determined to bloc these actions as illegal attempts of the President violating the prerogatives of the legislative body. The conflict resulted in the stalemates which seriously undermined the effectiveness of the American system of checks and balances. The lack of legal certainty, a necessary component of the reliability of the democratic governments, triggered the dispute over the values of the interpretational flexibility of the Constitution of the United States.

System wyborów prezydenckich w Stanach Zjednoczonych na tle porównawczym

63%

Ludwikowska A. M. , Ludwikowski R. R.

nr 3

19-54