Stanisław Brzozowski is one of the most radical philosophers. Radicalism of his thought involves not only the idea of fundamental social change, but also the reinterpretation of some philosophical concepts. Two main concepts are nature and history. They are reinterpreted in order to show their human origins. According to Brzozowski nature and history are human constructions, namely they are set by human praxis. Brzozowski’s understanding changed over the time. In my article I focus on two phases of Brzozowski’s thought. The first is Kantian and Fichtean. At that point Brzozowski interprets human praxis as moral act. The second one is Marxian. At that point human praxis is understood as labour.
The article describes a response from academic communities – both collegial bodies and individuals – to so-called lustration bill. Opponents and supporters of the lustration bill present both formal and legal arguments, and moral ones. The aim of the article is to an adequate depiction of the response from academic communities to the lustration bill.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia reakcję środowisk akademickich na tzw. ustawę lustracyjną, zarówno akademickich ciał kolegialnych, jak i poszczególnych przedstawicieli środowiska uniwersyteckiego. Prezentowana argumentacja – przeciwników i zwolenników ustawy lustracyjnej – ma charakter formalno-prawny oraz moralny. Artykuł stara się wiernie oddać złożony obraz reakcji środowisk akademickich na ustawę lustracyjną.
The so-called debate between Jürgen Habermas and John Rawls concentrated mainly on the latter’s political liberalism. It dealt with the many aspects of Rawls’s philosophical project. In this article, I focus only on one of them, namely the epistemic or cognitivistic nature of principles of justice. The first part provides an overview of the debate, while the second part aims to show that Habermas has not misinterpreted Rawls’s position. I argue that Habermas rightly considers Rawls’s conception of justice as a moral one. In the last part, I discuss two key questions raised by Habermas. The first concerns the relation between justification and acceptance of the principles of justice. The second concerns the relation between two validity terms: truth and reasonableness.