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1
Content available Francophonie, concept postcolonial ?
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FR
The aim of the present analysis is to discuss the francophony as a postcolonial concept, on the basis of the famous article “Pour une littérature-monde en français” whose authors consider the concept of the francophony as a form of colonial domination and are awaiting the birth of world literature in French. This paper explores these issues on the example of Raharimanana, a young writer from Madagascar. Key words: The francophony, world literature in French, post colonialism, Raharimanana.
FR
The aim of the present article is to address the notion of négritude in its variety of aspects, as expressed in poetry, essays and novels. The movement founded its principles on the belief in a common black identity and was aimed at the elevation of the traditional African culture and heritage. Despite its undeniable positive influence, the movement met with criticism from a number of black intellectuals and writers who tended to regard it as being insufficiently militant and who pointed out that its concepts were based excessively on the “white aesthetic” and “the white man’s vision of the world”. Key words: Négritude, black culture, African traditions, glorification, negation.
3
Content available Cyjanofobia: Sinobrody od Perraulta do Ben Jellouna
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EN
The story of Bluebeard belongs to the fairy tales written by Perrault, which in later times have seen almost countless travesties – in literature, film, opera and others. This article attempts to make a comparative analysis of three French-language literary versions of Bluebeard – from the early classics (Charles Perrault), through the classics of the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries (Anatole France), to modern times (Tahar Ben Jelloun). The reasons for the fear present in the story have changed over the centuries, from fear for one’s own life to fears related to the disturbance of the social order.
FR
L’histoire de Barbe-Bleue appartient aux contes de fées de Perrault, qui plus tard ont connu presque d’innombrables versions – littéraires, cinématographiques et autres. Cet article tente de faire une analyse comparative de trois œuvres littéraires d’expression française de Barbe-Bleue – depuis le classicisme (Charles Perrault), en passant par les classiques du tournant des XIXe et XXe siècles (Anatole France), jusqu’aux temps modernes (Tahar Ben Jelloun). Les raisons de la peur présente dans l’histoire changeaient au cours des siècles, de la peur pour sa propre vie aux peurs liées à la perturbation de l’ordre social.
EN
The article concers a discussion about Little Black Stories for Little White Children [Petits contes nègres pour les enfants des blancs] (1928) renewed in 2018 by the publisher Gallimard Jeunesse. Cendrars was an artist who influenced the French art movements of the 1920s and ‘30s. He was also fascinated with Black Africa. His collection of African child folk tales, Little Black Stories for Little White Children, was ground-breaking in its sympathetic and non-racist respect for African folk culture. In spite of Cendrars’ attitude, expressed in personal life and in his works, Little Black Stories was accused of racism and negrophobia when a new edittion ocurred in 2018. This paper proposes an afterthought about these accusations.
FR
L’objectif principal de notre contribution est d’analyser les traces de la présence de l’île natale dans les œuvres de deux poètes oubliés de la fin du XVIIIe siècle, Antoine Bertin et Évariste Parny, tous les deux originaires de l’Île Bourbon (actuellement La Réunion). Nés dans les familles riches de prorpiétaires bourbonnais, ils ont été envoyés assez jeunes en France pour y étudier et faire une carrière militaire. Leurs recueils de poésies, classiques dans la forme et renfermant maints motifs mythologiques, contiennent en même temps des traces perceptibles de l’enfance passée dans les tropiques : paysages caractérsitiques, faune et flore exubérantes, autochtones avec leurs coutumes et comportements particuliers. En dépit de la majeure période de leurs vies passées en France, Bertin et Parny n’oublient pas leur terre natale et le font sentir dans leurs textes (bien qu’il ne s’agisse pas de présence dominante).
EN
Germline mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes predispose their carriers to breast or/and ovary cancers during their lifetime. The most frequent mutations: 5382insC, 185delAG, C61G and 4153delA in BRCA1, and 6174delT and 9631delC in BRCA2 were studied in a group of 148 probands admitted for genetic counseling, using allele-specific amplification (ASA) PCR test. Fifteen carriers of three different mutations: 5382insC, 185delAG and C61G in BRCA1 were found. Two families carried the 185delAG mutation and additional two C61G in BRCA1. Nobody carried the mutation 4153delA in BRCA1 nor 6174delT or 9631delC in BRCA2. Most of the carriers of a germline mutation were observed among the patients who developed bilateral breast cancer (17%). The lowest frequency of the germline mutations was found in the healthy persons who had two or more relatives affected with breast or ovarian cancer.
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