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“EPISCOPUS NITRIENSIS SOLVIT PRO COMPLEMENTO SUI COMMUNIS SERVICII.” OBLIGATION OF COMMUNE SERVITIUM OF THE BISHOPS OF NITRA TOWARDS THE ROMAN CURIA IN THE LATE MIDDLE AGES

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Rábik V.

nr 5

825–851

In the medieval economic agenda of the Roman Curia, the payment of servitium commune constituted the obligation of the holders of offices of higher prelatures, i.e. archbishoprics, bishoprics, provostries and also abbeys with an annual income of at least one hundred chamber gold florins, to pay to the Apostolic Chamber a sum equal to one-third of the annual income of such office and the function and usage of the respective benefice. The possession of these ecclesiastical offices and benefices was already subject not only to papal confirmation, but also to compulsory presentation to the cardinalate (consistory). The records give several details about the individual holders of the higher prelatures, but also about the state of the prelature itself and other circumstances, not infrequently of a non-ecclesiastical nature, and thus also add significantly to the overall social context of historical events. The present study, based on research in the Vatican Apostolic Archives, analyses how the fulfilment of such a duty affected the bishops of Nitra in the 15th and early 16th centuries and thus complements the medieval history of the bishopric of Nitra.

ERHARD MODRER Z TRNAVY A KREMNICE – POČIATKY RODU. MODELOVÁ ANALÝZA PREMENY MEŠTIANSKYCH ELÍT V STREDOVEKOM UHORSKOM KRÁĽOVSTVE

100%

Rábik V.

nr 2

75 – 93

Medieval Hungarian society underwent significant changes during the 15th century, which brought many new possibilities for social application. In particular, this affected the inhabitants of the Hungarian cities, who had, in the previous century, gained considerable independence from the power and ownership structures in the country. In the 15th century, the transition to fully emancipated urban settlements with accumulated power and economic potential was completed. This change can best observed through the minutious study of individual persons from this period. A model example of this is the fate and story of the Trnava burgess Erhard Modrer, whose ancestors had played a significant role in the urban formation of Modra, and had also been members of the administrations of Trnava and Kremnica. The example of Erhard Modrer illustrates how, in this period, urban elites were ascending to the highest positions, even reaching the status of the Hungarian nobility.