Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

STREDOVEKÉ SÍDLISKO Z 13. STOROČIA V BECKOVE

100%

Hanuliak M.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2018

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tom 66

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nr 1

107 – 177

EN

A settlement from High Middle Ages was explored in the south part of the Beckov cadastre in 2004. It consists of 64 features. Two half-sunken dwellings with hearth are the most important features. The third half-sunken feature with circular ground plan and grain storage pit served for agricultural purpose. Another group consists of six grain storage pits, 41 storage pits of three types, one hearth, seven exterieur ovens, five stake pits and two trough-shaped pits. Data about size, form, construction and use do not differ from the representatives, which are known in other finding places from the Middle Ages. Fragments of pot-shaped ceramic vessels prevail in the material culture. Large storage vessels with graphite in the fabric are aso important. Dating was elaborated on the basis of analysis of the shape, decoration and creation of vessels, composition of ceramic material. The rest of findings are sporadic, and the most important of these are a coin, spur and jewels. The structure of settlement area belongs to specific components of this site. One quarter of features are scattered across the area. Remaining features are located in four concentrations. Up to 41 dwelling and agricultural features are part of concentration C, which is the oldest part of the agricultural estate. The other three concentrations consist of lower number of agricultural features; residential buildings are missing. The presumption is that these were manufacturing rooms that served to expansion of economic activities of the local community.

2

VEĽKOMORAVSKÉ OBJEKTY Z OPEVNENÉHO SÍDLISKA V MUŽLE-ČENKOVE

100%

Hanuliak M.

Konštantínove listy

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2017

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tom 10

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nr 2

35 – 42

EN

This study brings information about the structure, importance and development of the settlement in the locality Mužla-Čenkov from the 9th to the 10th century situated on the left bank of the Danube River. The finds fund helped to sort out the members of elite from the population, to determine their dwellings and to elucidate their relation to the construction built on the edge of their burial ground. It turned out that the fortification was built later, when the centre was threatened by external enemies. Only at that time the settlement with important economic potential changed into a Great Moravian fortified settlement.

3

MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENT IN SENEC-SVATY MARTIN (Stredoveke sidlisko v Senci-Svatom Martine)

100%

Hanuliak M.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2008

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tom 56

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nr 2

293-339

EN

The research of multicultural site is situated on the Senec-Svaty Martin hamlet north-eastern border. Its central area spreading on 450 square meters has been excavated by test pits in 1976-1978. Twenty-two settlement features of four basic categories were dated to the Early and High Middle Ages. These are four half-sunken dwellings, three half-sunken economic buildings, three cereal storage pits, seven storage pits, two outdoor domed kilns, two hearths and a trench. Heating devices were a part of the half-sunken dwellings. The cereal storing pits were of different shapes, dimensions and depth. One of the outdoor kilns had clayey dome built on quarry stones, the other dome was made of clay only. Finds of material culture are unusually few. The same applies to pottery vessels. They are mostly pots, rarely storage vessels and bowls. Shapes of their rims and motifs of engraved decoration enable us to divide the settlement features into two different chronological periods. The first horizon has been dated to the younger Great Moravian period from the end of the 9th till beginning of the 10th century. The other horizon came from the High Middle Ages, belongs to the 11th-12th century. In the collection of finds are missing those proving the continual settlement of the site. Outcomes of analyses have proved that the settlement was interrupted without any doubt between the two chronological phases. Low amount of animal bones were revealed at the settlement features, all of them belonging to domestic animals. The scythe found there is an indirect evidence of breeding animals. Clayey whorls are evidence of yarn home production; the same applies to two vessels. A find of bog ore indicates its intentional amassing. The one cereal storage pit included skeleton of an adult man. Neither the reason of his death and placing here nor why this individual was not buried at the community's burial ground is unknown. Such place for burying members of the local community has not been found in the settlement vicinity.

4

A GREAT-MORAVIAN SETTLEMENT IN BRANC (Velkomoravske sidlisko z Branca)

63%

Hanuliak M. , Vladar J.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2008

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tom 56

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nr 1

81-102

EN

A settlement dated to the Great Moravian period on the right bank of the old Nitra River was a part of a multicultural finding place situated at the south border of Branc village. Four underground shelters, four pit-like farmstead features and three graves were excavated there. In addition to common elements of basic characteristics, differences in types of heating equipment - hearth, stone oven and clay oven - were found in three residential underground shelters. Their inhabitants are assumed to use merits emerging from the chosen type of heating equipment for heating and lighting up the interiors and for cooking as well. A shelter with no heating equipment was probably used for purposes connected with farming and manufacturing. Construction of a shelter's parts over the ground could consist of a roof and timber walls. If there were no walls, a saddlebacked roof rested right on the ground. Subterranean features of different shapes and size were used as a roasting pit, grain storage pit and other storage pits. The grave units excavated were two graves and a deceased individual at the grain storage pit bottom. The graves were not a part of a regular necropolis, since they were scatter about the settlement area. Discovered artefacts are very sporadic and only seven types of finds, among which fragments of pot-shaped vessels are the most numerous, represent them. Information value of this collection of finds is considerably limited and gives no possibility of reliable dating of the settlement that can be hypothetically put to the last third of the 9th cent. This dating corresponds with the number of dwellings and their assumed farming activities. Situating of the features around the area indicates uninterrupted one-phase development of the settlement. Number of permanently inhabitable underground shelters signifies three couples with their descendants could live in the area at the same time. The community could have approximately 15 members. The grain storage pit can support the appraisal, as the grain inside was sufficient for food of the given number of individuals.

5

A TOP-MEDIEVAL VILLAGE IN SLOVENSKA NOVA VES AND ZELENEC (Vrcholnostredoveka dedina zo Slovenskej Novej Vsi a Zelenca)

51%

Hanuliak M. , Minac V. , Pavuk J.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2008

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tom 56

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nr 1

103-146

EN

A village settlement was explored at the border present-day districts of Slovenska Nova Ves and Zelenec villages. The settlement consisted of 26 settlement features: 4 underground shelters, 13 ovens and 9 pit-like features. Three of the four shelters served for dwelling, one for activities connected with farming. The dwelling shelters included ovens with clay domes, storage pits and postholes of the roof bearing construction. Independently situated ovens had body divided into a dome-covered hearth and a space in front of the oven. They were divided into three categories depending on their size. The ovens were used for bread baking, cooking, and processing of farming products and for firing of pottery vessels as well. Two of the nine pit-like features were grain storage pit. Other pits were probably used for short-term storing of various products and raw materials. Substantial part of discovered material culture are finds of pottery. In the collection pot-shape vessels were overwhelming; storage pits sporadic; kettle- and bottle-shaped vessels were rare. Another types of artefacts were unique. The pottery and a spur allow only a rough dating of the settlement. Demographic aspects narrow the time interval to the end of 11th to the first half of 12th cent. Number of the settlement features, their spacing and ways of use are proofs of economically independent segment of a rural settlement. Considering the capacity of storage features, 10-14 individuals in average could live at the settlement during its two development phases. Quantity of stored grain shows the plant production represented the substantial part in the farming production total volume. The untypical spacing of the settlement objects complements information on the site as well. They were not situated in an unbroken concentration on one of the Ronava brook banks. They were two independent segments situated on the opposite banks. The three dwellings excavated at Slovenska Nova Ves represent more important part of the medieval village. Remaining settlement objects were scattered about in accordance with their purpose. Two grain storage pits and another three storage pits were situated near the dwellings and ovens were at maximum distance of them. The settlement segment at Zeleneč included five ovens situates on low slopes. Separating of the section at Zelenec with predominating big-sized ovens was presumably caused by more suitable land configuration and way of the ovens operating, which could threaten or restrict standard activities of the inhabitants from the dwelling segment. Considering the find of a brick in one of dwellings, a sacral building can be assumed in the village vicinity.