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Metody obliczeniowe w genetyce

100%

Oleńska E. , Stankiewicz A.

Edukacja Biologiczna i Środowiskowa

2013

nr 2

44-50

This work, dedicated to biology teachers of high and secondary schools, presents the basic mathematic calculation rules applied in solving the solutions of genetic exercises which are the common evaluation measure of students’ knowledge and skills. The knowledge according to addition and multiplication rules, permutation formula and combination rule is applied in calculating of addition, multiplication and binomial probabilities, the calculating of which is crucial in determining the chances of production of specific gametes or genotypes which often is difficult for students. Moreover, present work includes proposal exercise based on presented in work mathematic ruler with the answers attached.

Fascinating fructophilic lactic acid bacteria associated with various fructose-rich niches

70%

Pachla A. , Ptaszyńska A. A. , Wicha M. , Oleńska E. , Małek W.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio C – Biologia

2017

tom 72

nr 2

Fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) are recently described group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that prefer fructose instead of glucose as a carbon source. FLAB have been isolated from fructose-rich niches such as flowers, fruits, fermented fruits, and gastrointestinal tracts of insects whose diet is based on fructose. These bacteria are divided into obligate and facultative fructophilc lactobacilli based on biochemical features. All FLAB are heterofermentative microorganisms, which during fermentation of carbohydrates, in addition to lactic acid, produce also acetic acid, and alcohol as end-products. The fructophilic bacteria, inhabiting the honeybee guts positively impact the health of their hosts, improve their longevity, and are promising probiotic candidates. These symbionts of honeybees play a key role in the production of honey by bees and are present in a large number in fresh honey. The combination of osmolarity with antibacterial, and therapeutic properties of these bacteria make fresh honey optimal alternative for future wound healing.