This article describes the in-vivo methods of studying the antioxidant properties of complex compounds. The reduced glutathione (GSH) method, which uses the reactivity of the reduced form of GSH with free radicals, is among the described methods. Further the in-vivo methods are based on the use of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase. These types of enzymes occur naturally in the human body and they are responsible for the inactivation of free radicals, e. g. superoxide dismutase catalyzes the reaction of disproportionation of superoxide anion radical to water and oxygen. The next in-vivo methods described in this article use y-glutamyl transpeptidase and glutathione reductase, which are components of the antioxidant mechanism occurring in an organism. The last method described in this work relates to the lipid peroxidation, which is determined by the concentration of dimalonic aldehyde.
W artykule przedstawiono możliwości wykorzystania odpadu, jakimi są skórki pigwowca japońskiego, w celu wytworzenia przekąsek. Wykonano badania dotyczące zmian aktywności wody, masy i barwy przy zastosowaniu różnych metod suszenia, poprzedzonych odwadnianiem osmotycznym. Przeprowadzono również ocenę sensoryczną, którą przyjęto za wskaźnik atrakcyjności oraz jakości produktu. Wykazano, że rodzaj roztworu osmotycznego wpływa na barwę oraz smak końcowego produktu, zaś metoda suszenia wpływa na aktywność wody, twardość i wygląd zewnętrzny produktu. Poniższy artykuł stanowi praktyczne podejście dotyczące wykorzystania skórek jako pozostałości w procesie przetwarzania owoców w celu wytworzenia wartościowego produktu.
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The article presents the possibilities of using the waste as Japanese quince skins for the production of snacks. Changes in water activity, mass, colour using various drying methods preceded by osmotic dehydration were made in this study. A sensory evaluation was also carried out, which was adopted as an indicator of the attractiveness and quality of the product. The type of osmotic solution affects the colour and taste of the final product, while the method of drying affects the water activity, hardness and external appearance of the product. The following article is a practical approach regarding the use of skins as residues in the fruit processing process to produce a valuable product.
In - vitro methods of determination of the antioxidant activity of complex compounds are very interesting and not fully investigated areas of knowledge from the borderline of chemistry and biology. Methods used for determination of the activity of antioxidant complex compounds are modified due to the conditions of the experiments in which they should be carried out, e.g. reactions at physiological pH. Civilization diseases, stress related to the fast pace of life and increasing requirements of our lives cause the formation of free radicals in our body, i.e. particles characterized by a high reactivity. The methods of determination of the antioxidant activity of complexes discussed in this work apply tests carried out in laboratory conditions - in - vitro.
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