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EN
The remote sensing technique is crucial for creating maps showing land use and land cover from a procedure known as image classification. For the process of image classification to be successful, many aspects must be taken into consideration; one of these factors is the availability of high-quality Landsat images. This study aims to classify and map the studied area’s land use and cover using remote sensing and geographic information system techniques. This study is divided into two parts: part one focuses on classifying land use and land cover, while part two evaluates how accurate the classification is. Several classification methods are compared for their efficacy in this study. Some image classification methods have shown promising results when used to remote sensing data. An efficient classifier is necessary for extracting data from remote-sensing images. The maximum likelihood classification was the most effective classifier in our study. In this study, the Maximum Likelihood classification accuracy has achieved an overall accuracy of 91% and an overall kappa accuracy of 86.83%. This study provides essential data for planners and decision-makers to design sustainable environments.
EN
A geodetic transformation is a mathematical operation that takes coordinates of a point in one coordinate system and returns the same coordinates in another coordinate system. This study aimed to show the compatibility between global positioning system coordinates and the local maps in Iraq; this compatibility will be made for locations in the Babil province. In the study area, fifteen control points have been chosen. GPS measures geographic and projected coordinates depending on the Universal Transverse Mercator projection and the World Geodetic System 1984 datum. In Iraq, the measured geographic coordinates are converted to projected coordinates using a geographic information system based on Clarke 1880 ellipsoid. To facilitate the conversion of the coordinates, both formulas and parameters are provided for any point in the study area between the two systems using a GPS receiver and the ArcGIS software. The present study shows that the differences in easting coordinates are about -287.630 m, while the differences in northing coordinates reach 278.525 m. It was concluded that the various datums might play a significant role in producing maps and updating those maps for engineering works.
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