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1 Politologická revue (Czech Political Science Review)

1 2020

1 Forýtek L.

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Cesta k proměnám tureckého režimu: aktéři, strategie a nástroje.

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Forýtek L.

Politologická revue (Czech Political Science Review)

2020

tom 26

nr 1

37-66

Recently, Turkey has possibly been the most intensely studied and discussed country not only by a community of scholars interested in regime changes from comparative perspective but also by security and foreign policy experts. In this paper, the author explores regime shift from the perspective of the relations of two relevant players: the civilian government and the army; and constitutional changes implemented in this millennium. His political analysis supported by the perspective of the theory of securitisation (and desecuritisation) centres on the way of instruments and methods of this regime including asking two set of research questions: Firstly, what are the causes of the escalation of the confl ict between the AKP government and the army culminating in the 2016 coup? How did the role of a securitisation actor, and the securitisation and desecuritisation strategy transform in time? Secondly, what role did the coup play in the AKP's long-term eff ort to enforce the presidential system? Th e author found that there was permanent and systematic attempt to place the army under the AKP’s political control since getting power in 2002, using democratic instruments (elections, referendum on constitutional change) and nondemocratic methods (purges of the high rank staff ). Firstly, the government tried to eliminate the army’s role by desecuritisation, later; however, the government changed its strategy, and began to ‘re-securitise’ some political issues. Th e 2017 referendum was called aft er the change of the longterm policy of the opposition party MHP. As a result, the checks and balances were challenged by the government and the president’s power increased.