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U podnóża Pachołka. Zapomniane cmentarzysko kultury oksywskiej i wielbarskiej w Gdańsku-Oliwie, stan. 4 (dawn. Oliva, Kr. Danziger Höhe)

100%

Strobin A.

Pomorania Antiqua

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2021

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tom Tom XXX

s. 203-242

EN

In 1873, at the foot of Carlsberg hill (currently Góra Pachołek), in the field of a Mr Z ywietz located in the Oliva commune, a cemetery from the younger pre-Roman and Roman period was discovered. The following year, further research was carried out under the supervision of Abraham Lissauer. In total, on an area of approximately 14 ares, 40 cremation graves (21 urn and 19 pit ones) were discovered, the contents of which were handed over by the owner to the Westpreußisches Provinzial-Museum in Gdańsk. Some of the artefacts from the necropolis in Gdańsk-Oliwa were published in two articles by A. Lissauer. The importance of the finds was emphasised by the fact that in the literature on the subject, starting from the second half of the 19th century, until the end of World War II , the name of the necropolis appeared relatively often. The source materials were used for study work by leading researchers of that period. Unfortunately, at the end of the war, the artefacts were lost, and the collection of the Archaeological Museum in Gdańsk now includes two clay vessels. The most information about the artefacts found in Oliwa is provided by the Józef Kostrzewski’s Archive, containing the research notes by the scholar who got acquainted with the items during the museum query in 1912. Based on this, new information was obtained that can be used for further material analyses. Most of the artefacts should be dated to the younger pre-Roman period (phases A2 and A3), and to a lesser extent to the Roman period (phases B1b-B2/C1). Unfortunately, the reconstruction of individual burial assemblages is not possible, because from the very beginning the materials from the cemetery formed a collection of artefacts. Based on the Kostrzewski’s Archive and the publications it was established (see the catalogue) that the most numerous group of artefacts were brooches, in total 16 specimens. Among the nine made of iron, more detailed information is available about seven of them; they represent types K, L, M according to J. Kostrzewski and Almgren 18a. The bronze brooches are represented by types 68, 39, 128 and group V, series 1 according to O. Almgren. The belt elements consisted of four iron and bronze belt hooks and a buckle. In one cremation pit grave there was a pair of snake-headed bracelets. The weaponry is represented by two one-edged swords, as well as iron fittings of the sword scabbard, two or three shield bosses and one shield grip. Determining the number of spearheads discovered in the cemetery in Oliwa is problematic, but it seems that there were nine of them; in addition, one spear butt was found with preserved wood remains. The group of tools included a straight knife dated to the Roman period, as well as three clay spindle whorls. The collection of the Westpreußisches Provinzial-Museum in Gdańsk also included 10 clay vessels of the Oksywie and the Wielbark cultures. It is known that in the Zywietz’s field, apart from the graves of the Oksywie and the Wielbark cultures, burials of the Pomeranian culture were discovered (sites 4 and 5). It indicates that there was a multicultural cemetery at the foot of Góra Pachołek; the youngest archaeological materials, including a temple ring, can be dated to the early Middle Ages. The reminded information about the site of the 19th-century archaeological discoveries at the former Renneberg Street and near Köllner Chaussée, indicate the location of the Zywietz’s field in the immediate vicinity of the initial numbers of current Spacerowa Street, towards Karwieńska Street. The information gathered about the somewhat forgotten cemetery in Gdańsk-Oliwa shows that the site has not been fully explored. The inspection of the place of the alleged location of the site showed that the area was heavily transformed by the access road to the already completed housing investment, and the history of archaeological research on this site has been completed.

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Zapinki VI grupy Oscara Almgrena z osady kultury wielbarskiej w Lipiankach, pow. kwidzyński, stan. 3

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Jakubczyk I. , Strobin A.

Pomorania Antiqua

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2016

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tom Tom XXV

s. 211-248

EN

Excavations on settlement of the Wielbark culture on site 3 in Lipianki, Kwidzyn district, have provided a considerable amount of archaeological material, in particular of iron tools and objects related to the attire. The latter category of artefacts is represented in largest number by brooches, mainly brooches of group VI after O. Almgren. In this collection were both brooches of the first series, i.e. classic brooches with curved foot, as well as brooches of the second series. Brooches A 158, belonging to the first series, are characteristic of the Przeworsk culture, but they occasionally also occur in other cultural entities. The specimens discovered in Lipianki can be dated from phase C1b, but more likely is their occurrence in phase C2. Forms of this type probably evidence a displacement of groups of people originating from the Przeworsk culture northwards, and can be synchronized with finds of this type of brooches in northern Mazovia, in the Sudovian culture, as well as in northern and central Germany. Bipartite forms made of iron support this chronological position. The series 2 of brooches of group VI after O. Almgren is the most numerous represented by brooches A 170 and 178. These specimens are occur in large number on the Wielbark culture burial grounds, but they were made exclusively of copper alloys. Therefore, the discovery of iron specimens is another argument indicating the existence in the Wielbark culture at least two types of dress: the everyday one, in which more iron elements were used, and so-called funeral one, in which dominated elements made of non-ferrous metals. Archaeological excavations on the Wielbark culture settlements provide new materials which enable a more accurate reconstruction of this cultural unit. A unique place, because of the excavated size, the number of registered features, as well as the wealth of movable material, takes the settlement in Lipianki. On this site were discovered several features which contain small pieces of slag, interpreted as smelting hearth. Traces of iron production are also known from other settlements of the Wielbark culture, but its modest scope differ significantly from thise registered in the Przeworsk culture. It can be assumed that, although not confirmed large-scale iron metallurgy in the culture Wielbarkcan might have satisfied local demand for this raw material. For any further discussion on this issue, however, the excavations on settlements and their successive publication are needed. The materials discovered on site in Lipianki indicate that the use of iron was more widespread than we can assume based on grave assemblages of the Wielbark culture, although in the latter case, the objects made of this material are present. Therefore, once again it is worth considering the image of a ‘culture discovered anew’ after Eggers definition, known mainly from burial sites.

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Badania mineralogiczno-petrograficzne właściwości sorpcyjnych węgli drzewnych z cmentarzyska z okresu przedrzymskiego w Babim Dole–Borczu, stan. 2, powiat Kartuzy

63%

Pawlikowski M. , Strobin A.

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tom Tom XXVI

s. 155-164

EN

The paper presents a putative mechanism of metal sorption by reduced carbon. The sorption of carbon discovered in burials in Babi Dół-Borcz was tested. It was found that the primary material of funeral pyre were pine and oakwood. Chemical examination of charcoal performed using SEM-EDS methods showed presence – amongst other elements – Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, P, Cu etc. Elements were discovered in the tissue of burned wood. Examination of bronze microartefacts discovered in graves confirmed transfer of elements from bronze to charcoal. The described method of charcoal sorption examination may help in location of objects made of certain metals.