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EN
The instability of plane interface between two superposed Rivlin-Ericksen elastico-viscous fluids saturated through a porous medium has been studied to include the suspended (dust) particles effect. Following the linearized stability theory and normal mode analysis the dispersion relation is obtained. For stationary convection, the Rivlin-Ericksen elastico-viscous fluid behaves like Newtonian fluids. It found that for a potentially stable arrangement the Rivlin-Ericksen elastico-viscous fluid of different permeabilities in the presence of suspended particles in a porous medium is stable, whereas in a potentially unstable case instability of the system occurs. In the presence of a magnetic field for a potentially stable arrangement the system is always stable and for the potentially unstable arrangement, the magnetic field succeeds in stabilizing certain wave-number band which was unstable in the absence of the magnetic field.
EN
The thermal instability of a Kuvshiniski viscoelastic fluid is considered to include the effects of a uniform horizontal magnetic field, suspended particles saturated in a porous medium. The analysis is carried out within the framework of the linear stability theory and normal mode technique. For the case of stationary convection, the Kuvshiniski viscoelastic fluid behaves like a Newtonian fluid and the magnetic field has a stabilizing effect, whereas medium permeability and suspended particles are found to have a destabilizing effect on the system, oscillatory modes are introduced in the system, in the absence of these the principle of exchange of stabilities is valid. Graphs in each case have been plotted by giving numerical values to the parameters, depicting the stability characteristics. Sufficient conditions for the avoidance of overstability are also obtained.
EN
The thermosolutal instability in a layer of an electrically conducting Oldroydian viscoelastic fluid in a porous medium is studied to include the effect of Hall current. For the case of stationary convection, the Oldroydian fluid behaves like an ordinary Newtonian fluid. The magnetic field and the stable solute gradient are found to have stabilizing effects whereas Hall currents and medium permeability are found to have destabilizing effects on the system. Graphs are plotted by giving numerical values to the parameters to depict the stability characteristics. The sufficient conditions for the non-existence of overstability are also obtained.
EN
The instability of the plane interface between two uniform, superposed and streaming Rivlin-Ericksen elastico-viscous fluids through porous media, including the ‘effective interfacial tension’ effect, is considered. In the absence of the ‘effective interfacial tension’ stability/instability of the system as well as perturbations transverse to the direction of streaming are found to be unaffected by the presence of streaming if perturbations in the direction of streaming are ignored, whereas for perturbation in all other directions, there exists instability for a certain wave number range. The ‘effective interfacial tension’ is able to suppress this Kelvin-Helmholtz instability for small wavelength perturbations, the medium porosity reduces the stability range given in terms of a difference in streaming velocities.
EN
An investigation made on the effect of Hall currents on double-diffusive convection of a compressible synovial (couple-stress) fluid in the presence of a horizontal magnetic field through a porous layer is considered. The analysis is carried out within the framework of linear stability theory and normal mode technique. A dispersion relation governing the effects of viscoelasticity, compressibility, magnetic field and porous layer is derived. For the stationary convection, a synovial fluid behaves like an ordinary Newtonian fluid due to the vanishing of the viscoelastic parameter. The stable-solute gradient, compressibility, and magnetic field have postponed the onset of convection, whereas Hall currents and medium permeability have not postponed the onset of convection, moreover, a synovial fluid has a dual character in the presence of Hall currents, whereas in the absence of Hall current in synovial fluid have postponed the onset of convection, which is in contrast in case of thermal convection couple-stress fluid with same effects. These analytic results are confirmed numerically and the effects of various parameters are depicted graphically. It has been observed that oscillatory modes are introduced due to the presence of viscoelasticity, magnetic field, porous medium and Hall currents which were non- existent in their absence. The sufficient conditions for the non-existence of overstability are also obtained.
EN
Thermal Instability (Benard’s Convection) in the presence of uniform rotation and uniform magnetic field (separately) is studied. Using the linearized stability theory and normal mode analyses the dispersion relation is obtained in each case. In the case of rotatory Benard’s stationary convection compressibility and rotation postpone the onset of convection whereas the couple-stress have duel character onset of convection depending on rotation parameter. While in the absence of rotation couple-stress always postpones the onset of convection. On the other hand, magnetic field on thermal instability problem on couple-stress fluid for stationary convection couple-stress parameter and magnetic field postpones the onset of convection. The effect of compressibility also postpones the onset of convection in both cases as rotation and magnetic field. Graphs have been plotted by giving numerical values to the parameters to depict the stationary characteristics. Further, the magnetic field and rotation are found to introduce oscillatory modes which were non-existent in their absence and then the principle of exchange of stability is valid. The sufficient conditions for non-existence of overstability are also obtained.
7
Content available remote Propagation of generalized thermoelastic pIane waves at an imperfect interface
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EN
The present study is concerned with the reflection and transmission of thermoelastic pIane waves at an imperfect interface between two generalized thermoelastic solid half-spaces of different elastic and thermal properties. The generalized thermoelastic theory with one relaxation time developed by Lord and Shulman (1967) has been used to study the problem. The expressions for the reflection and transmission coefficients which are the ratios of the amplitudes of reflected and transmitted waves to the amplitude of incident waves are obtained for an imperfect boundary and deduced for normal stiffness, transverse stiffness, thermal contact conduetance, slip and welded boundaries. The amplitude ratios of various reflected and transmitted waves are also deduced at the interface of two semi-infinite media (I) Elastic/Generalized Thermoelastic and (II) Elastic/Elastic. The special case of stress free thermally insulated boundary has also been discussed. It is found that the amplitude ratios of reflected and transmitted waves are affected by the stiffness and thermal properties of the media.
8
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EN
The problem of thermal convection in a Kuvshiniski viscoelastic fluid in a porous medium in the presence of suspended particles is considered. Following the linearized stability theory and normal mode analysis, the dispersion relation is obtained. For stationary convection, a Kuvshiniski fluid behaves like a Newtonian fluid and the medium permeability and the suspended partic1es have destabilizing effects on the system. Graphs have been plotted by giving numerical values to the parameters to depict the stability characteristics. The principle of exchange of stabilities is found to be satisfied.
PL
Z wysuszonej twardzieli Diospyros malanonilau (Ebemceae) za pomocą chromatografii kolumnowej wyizolowano: nonakosan, n-heksakosanol, β-sitosterol, betulinę oraz kwasy - mordowy, ursolowy, oleanolowy i betulinowy.
EN
Using column chromatography the following compounds: nonacosane, n-hexacosanol, β-sitosterol, betulin, and acids - morolic, ursolic, oleanolic and betulinic have been isolated from the heart-wood of Diospyros malanonilau (Ebenaceae family).
10
Content available remote Statistical tools for maximum possible earthquake magnitude estimation
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EN
Several procedures for the statistical estimation of the regioncharacteristic maximum possible earthquake magnitude, mmax , are currently available. This paper aims to introduce and compare the 12 existing procedures. For each of the procedures given, there are notes on its origin, assumptions made in its derivation, condition for validity, weak and strong points, etc. The applicability of each particular procedure is determined by the assumptions of the model and/or the available information on seismicity of the area.
EN
The effect of Hall currents and suspended dusty particles on the hydromagnetic stability of a compressible, electrically conducting Rivlin-Ericksen elastico viscous fluid in a porous medium is considered. Following the linearized stability theory and normal mode analysis the dispersion relation is obtained. For the case of stationary convection, Hall currents and suspended particles are found to have destabilizing effects whereas compressibility and magnetic field have stabilizing effects on the system. The medium permeability, however, has stabilizing and destabilizing effects on thermal instability in contrast to its destabilizing effect in the absence of the magnetic field. The critical Rayleigh numbers and the wave numbers of the associated disturbances for the onset of instability as stationary convection are obtained and the behavior of various parameters on critical thermal Rayleigh numbers are depicted graphically. The magnetic field, Hall currents and viscoelasticity parameter are found to introduce oscillatory modes in the systems, which did not exist in the absence of these parameters.
EN
The thermal instability of a layer of a Rivlin-Ericksen elastico-viscous fluid permeated with suspended particles in a porous medium acted on by a uniform magnetic field is considered. For stationary convection, the Rivlin-Ericksen elastico-viscous field behaves like a Newtonian fluid. The magnetic field is found to have a stabilizing effect, whereas suspended particles and medium permeability have a destabilizing effect for the case of stationary convection. The magnetic field introduces oscillatory modes in the systems, which were non-existent in its absence.
EN
The Rayleigh-Taylor instability of two superposed Walters B' elastico-viscous fluids is studied. For stable stratifications, the system is found to be stable or unstable under certain conditions. This is in contrast to the stability of two superposed Newtonian fluids where the system is stable for stable stratifications. However, the system is unstable for unstable stratifications. This problem has also been studied for electrically conducting Walters B' fluid in the presence of a variable horizontal magnetic field. For stable stratifications, the results are found to be the same as in the hydrodynamic case. However, for unstable stratifications, the magnetic field has astabilizing effect.
EN
The problem of thermal instability of compressible, electrically conducting couple-stress fluid in the presence of a uniform magnetic field is considered. Following the linearized stability theory and normal mode analysis, the dispersion relation is obtained. For stationary convection, the compressibility, couple-stress and magnetic field postpone the onset of convection. Graphs have been plotted by giving numerical values to the parameters to depict the stability characteristics. The principle of exchange of stabilities is found to be satisfied. The magnetic field introduces oscillatory modes in the system that were non-existent in its absence. The case of overstability is also studied wherein a sufficient condition for the non-existence of overstability is obtained.
EN
The influence of higher order fiber dispersions (like chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope) on the optical millimeter-wave generation is studied. Optical sideband suppression ratio and radio frequency spurious suppression ratio are given and discussed. Moreover, the mathematical results of the proposed model are verified by experiments and numerical simulations.
EN
Rayleigh-Taylor instability of two superposed Walters’ B has elastico-viscous fluids in a uniform magnetic field through a porous medium with different permeability been studied to include the suspended (dust) particles effect. Using normal mode technique a dispersion relation has been derived. The stability analysis has been carried out. The magnetic field stabilizes the unstable configuration for the wave number band K > K* in chich the system is unstable in the absence of the magnetic field. It is also found that for a potential stable arrangement for Walters B’ elastico-viscous fluids of different permeabilities in the presence of suspended particles through a porous medium the system is stable, whereas in the potentially unstable case instability of the system occurs.
EN
A layer of a Rivlin-Ericksen elastico-viscous fluid heated and soluted from below in the presence of compressibility and suspended particles (fine dust) effect is considered. For stationary convection, the Rivlin- Ericksen, elastico-viscous fluid behaves like a Newtonian fluid. The oscillatory modes are introduced due to the presence of a stable solute gradient, suspended particles destabilize the system whereas the stable solute gradient has a stabilizing effect on the system and the effect of compressibility is to postpone the onset of thermosolutal convection. The stable solute gradient and compressibility postpone the onset of convection, whereas the suspended particles hasten the onset of convection. The stable solute gradient introduces oscillatory modes in the systems which were non-existent in its absence.
18
Content available remote Development of a real time emotion classifier based on evoked EEG
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EN
Our quality of life is more dependent on our emotions than on physical comforts alone. This is motivation enough to classify emotions using Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. This paper describes the acquisition of evoked EEG signals for classification of emotions into four quadrants. The EEG signals have been collected from 24 subjects on three electrodes (Fz, Cz and Pz) along the central line. The absolute and differential attributes of single trial ERPs have been used to classify emotions. The single trial ERP attributes collected from each electrode have been used for developing an emotion classifier for each subject. The accuracy of classification of emotions into four classes lies between 62.5–83.3% for single trials. The subject independent analysis has been done using absolute and differential attributes of single trial signals of ERP. An overall accuracy of 55% has been obtained on Fz electrode for multi subject trials. The methodology used to classify emotions by fixing the attributes for classification of emotions brings us a step closer to developing a real time emotion recognition system with benefits including applications like Brain-Computer Interface for locked-in subjects, emotion classification for highly sensitive jobs like fighter pilots etc.
EN
Purpose: This paper investigates the combined effect of fly ash, sawdust and geotextile in stabilizing the soil. Design/methodology/approach: A thorough geotechnical testing was carried out in order to study the potent characteristics of soil and soil mixes. The present investigation was set up in two stages. In the first stage, effects of fly ash (5, 10, 15 and 20%), sawdust (2.5, 5 and 7.5%) and layers of geotextile placed at different depths were studied separately to determine their effect on soil stabilization. In the second stage, fly ash, sawdust and geotextile were mixed with soil sample in order to obtain the optimum dosage which can be used for stabilization of soil i.e. their combined effect as stabilizer on soil stabilization. Findings: It was observed that by introducing fly ash, sawdust and geotextile to the soil, the CBR values increase and thickness of pavement layer decreases. It also decreases the amount of stress on subgrade leading to enhancement of pavement stability with cost effectiveness. Research limitations/implications: Economical use of industrial waste has been proposed in the present research which otherwise prove to be a malady to climatic change and human health. From the study, an optimum dosage of fly ash (2.5%) and saw dust (5%) and depth for geotextile (6 cm) has been proposed. Originality/value: The article explores the possibility of a ternary blend, i.e., geotextile, fly-ash and saw dust on effectively stabilizing pavement subgrade. Limited literature was available to address the issue of utilizing the industrial wastes that otherwise pose disposal issues.
EN
Molecular diversity studies of 19 rhizobia isolates from chickpea were conducted using simple sequence repeats (SSR) and 16S rDNA-RFLP markers. Phenotypic characterization with special reference to salinity and pH tolerance was performed. These isolates were identified as different strains of Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Agrobacterium. Twenty SSR loci of Mesorhizobium ciceri, distributed across the other rhizobial genome, clearly differentiated 19 rhizobial isolates. Analogous clustering supported the results of 16S rDNA sequence-based phylogeny. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequences from M. ciceri strains revealed that nucleotide variables (signature sites) were located at 20 different positions; most of them were present in the first 820 bp region from 5’ terminal. Interestingly, 14 signature sites were located in two main regions, the variable region V1 (nt 527–584), and variable region V2 (nt 754–813). The secondary structure and minimal free energy were determined in these two regions. These results will be useful in characterizing the micro-evolutionary mechanisms of species formation and increase understanding of the symbiotic relationship.
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