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Tworzenie zasobu mieszkaniowego Gminy Miejskiej Kraków

100%

Bury K.

tom 05

nr 2-3-4

BASIC STRUCTURE OF AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN ANTITRUST LAW

100%

Bury K.

2006

nr 2(168)

65-84

The first important federal American antitrust law, the Sherman Act, prohibits any trust, contract or conspiracy in restrain of domestic or foreign trade. The interpretation of this statue has been governed by the use of the 'rule of reason'. The rule divides violations into two categories: those that are illegal per se and those that are to be defined as illegal only if they are unreasonable. The second important antitrust law is Clayton Act, passed in 1914. It prohibits any forms of market discrimination which could be harmful to fair competition. Another important regulation is the Federal Trade Commission Act and some other acts that the authoress briefly described in the article. As far as European antitrust law is concerned, there are few basie European regulations, whereas some areas are also regulated by the law of each of the member countries, so that both parties cooperate in antitrust cases. The most important regulations in the European Law are article 81 et seq. of the European Community Treaty. Their goal is to provide a system ensuring that competition in the internal market is not distorted (Art. 3(g) of the EC Treaty). Article 81 sets a generał rule prohibiting any agreements that could affect trade between member states. Article 82 prohibits any abuse of dominant market positions within the common market. One of the most important executive laws is the Council Regulation nr 1/2003 which implementats the rules created in the above mentioned articles. Many exemptions from the generał rule prohibiting distortion of the fair competition are known in the European Law. Some of them are described in the article.

Thromboelastographic profile of goat blood after the experimental injury of the femoral artery and use of QuikClot gauze and Celox gauze dressings

32%

Sobiech P. , Brzeziński M. , Adamiak Z. , Holak P. , Jastrzębski P. , Rogowski J. , Bury K. , Jałyński M. , Baumgartner W.

nr 1

Thromboelastographic profile of goat blood after the experimental injury of the femoral artery and use of QuikClot gauze and Celox gauze dressings

32%

Sobiech P. , Adamiak Z. , Holak P. , Jastrzebski P. , Rogowski J. , Brzezinski M. , Bury K. , Jalynski M. , Baumgartner W.

2017

tom 20

nr 1

The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of thromboelastometry for the analysis of blood test results in goats after the use of hemostatic dressings to control massive bleeding. The study was carried out on 12 goats, 6 animals in each of two subgroups. In all experimental animals incision of the femoral artery was performed, and bleeding was controlled with QuikClot gauze in the first group and Celox gauze in the second group. Dressings were applied for 60 minutes. Blood samples for thromboelastometry were collected from the jugular vein before the incision and 60 min after the application of a dressing. Clotting time (CT), clot formation time (CFT), maximum clot firmness (MCF) and α angle (°) were measured in three standard ROTEM assays (system with generation of reaction curve, numerical parameters and size of the blood clot): intrinsic coagulation pathway (INTEM), extrinsic coagulation pathway (EXTEM) and functional fibrinogen (FIBTEM). Complete hemostasis of the injured femoral artery was found in all goats. No significant differences between pre- and post-incision thromboelastometric parameters were found in any tests in any of the groups, which indicates that the use of dressings was not associated with blood coagulation disorders. This study is the first to describe the use of thromboelastometry in goats for the assessment of clot formation and hemostatic disorders.