The article concentrates on a key concept of the 'Fin de Siecle' in Europe - namely, 'dilettantism' and its connection with Czech Decadent literature. Dilettantism, as explained by Paul Bourget in his essay on Ernest Renan (1883), is characterized by the individual's refusal to forego any possible experience by adhering to a setmode of (intellectual) life. The 'dilettante critic' originates in the idea of the 'critic as artist' as developed by Oscar Wilde, who in turn is indebted to Pater's conception of the 'aesthetic critic'. In dilettantism there are many pitfalls: the dilettante may be the perfect embodiment of the 'Decadent' type with his Willenskrankheit, hypertrophied (self-)analysis, over-refinement, hyper-aestheticism, eclecticism, and sterility. Arnost Prochazka (1869-1925), for instance, applies the term 'dilettante' to Andrea Sperelli (the hero of Dilettantism), modelled on Huysmans's 'Des Esseintes'. The controversies over Dilettantism appear here as an expression of an exclusive concern with 'life', a concept that a cornerstone of philosophical debate of the period.
Sedimentation of nanoparticles in water solutions was studied in situ by transmission Mössbauer spectroscopy in horizontal and vertical geometry. The studied specimens were Fe2O3 of a commercial pigment and metallic iron nanoparticles in slurry used in a water purification technology. The sedimentation is selective and leads to the gradual removing of the bigger particles from a solution. The iron nanoparticles in the solution are relatively chemically stable until, due to the drying, the sediment becomes exposed to the air.
The iron bearing phase composition of metallurgical slag currently produced in a tub, converter and electrical furnaces were determined from the Mössbauer spectra and compared with the composition of the slag stored for decades on the dump.
The properties of fast cutting steel SW7M, stainless steel 1H18N9T, and tool steel NC11 coated with a TiN protective layer were studied using 57Fe Conversion Electron Mössbauer Spectroscopy. The adhesion of the coatings is determined by the thickness of Fe-N and Fe-Ti interface. The model of the abrasion of the protected tools, based on fast diffusion of Fe ions to the surface though the TiN layer and further oxidation is proposed.
Low-spin ferric octaethylporphyrinatoiron complex with two imidazole axial ligands [Fe(III)(OEP)(Im)2]+ has been investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and Mössbauer spectroscopies. It was found that the ground spin state corresponds to the electron configuration (dxy)2 (dxz, dyz)3 and planes of the imidazole axial ligands have a parallel mutual orientation. Ethyl groups bonded to pyrrole rings, as peripheral substituents, effect on the ground electron spin state of the complex studied and the relative orientation of the the imidazole axial ligands in a similar way like the phenyl substituents bonded to meso-carbon atoms of the porphyrin macrocycle. The temperature dependence of the Mössbauer spectra is discussed in terms of magnetic relaxation processes.
The powder samples of meso-tetraphenyloporphyrin iron(III) chloride and ferriprotoporphyrin IX chloride and their frozen in solutions N,N-dimethylformamide were studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy. The variation of the outer ligands of the porphyrin rings modifies their magnetic properties but the major influence on the magnetic relaxation process exerts the intermolecular magnetic interactions, which are eliminated in dilute solutions.
The temperature dependent Mössbauer spectroscopy and EXAFS analysis of the dynamical properties of selected iron-porphyrin derivatives: FeTPPCl and FePPIXCl has been presented. It has been shown that these iron-porphyrin properties may be modified by the outer ligands, but they are also strongly influenced by the intermolecular interactions, which are reduced in frozen solutions of the studied complexes.
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