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Content available Filozofia – kritika – súčasná spoločnosť
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RU
Статья представляет собой критический анализ динамических и фундаментальных антиномий современной общественной реальности. Опорными пунктами философской критики в нашей статье являются взгляды И. Канта, Ю. Хабермаса и М. Хоркхаймера, содержащие основные нормы оценки современного общества. В центре исследования автора находится анализ роковых перемен в Восточной Европе после падения Берлинской стены, которые повлияли на положение бывшей Чехословакии и ее приемных государств – Чешской и Словацкой Республик.
EN
The paper offers a critical analysis of dynamic and fundamental antinomies of today’s social reality. The main points of philosophical criticism are represented by the ideas of I. Kant, J. Habermas and M. Horkheimer including basic norms of examining the contemporary society. The author focuses on examination of significant changes in Eastern Europe after the fall of the Berlin Wall, especially on the circumstances of the former Czechoslovakia and later the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic.
EN
The paper deals with the impact of Hume's philosophy on Kant's philosophy of history. By comparing the views of the two philosophers the author comes to the conclusion that on some places Kant in his works on his own philosophy of history makes use of Hume's argumentation concerning the connections between the cultivation of humans, production and trade, and the origins of political freedom, as well as the rise of the society controlled by justice and law. The author sees the two thinkers as very close one to another not only in the understanding of the epistemological question, but also in contemplating the history.
EN
The paper focuses on the Enlightenment as an important object of the German tradition of philosophical-cultural researches and debates. It starts with an analysis of Kant's model of 'Aufklärung', underlining its social dimension. In Hegel's conception of the Enlightenment, the problem is approached critically and included in the process of the phenomenological-philosophical-historical development of mind. Hegel, unlike Kant, is historicizing, and thus narrowing the term of the enlightenment itself. In conclusion the author asks the question: Is it reasonable to see the real nature of the Enlightenment only in its fighting against mistakes, superstitions and prejudices?
EN
The paper offers a discussion of Kant's views on politics. It shows how the latter is interwoven with the morals and law. The author reminds us, that for Kant the highest political good possible was the eternal peace. What plays an important role in reaching this status is the reform. The author aims at justifying the claim, that Kant's interest in politics was not a matter of contingency. As he believes, its continuity can be proved, especially in Kant's 'Kleine Schriften', as well as in many of his remarkable remarks in his big works.
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