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EN
Rabies still remains one of the most serious diseases of mankind and poses a serious worldwide public health problem. The introduction of dog vaccination as well as oral vaccination of wildlife in many countries has proved to be an effective method of eradication of rabies in non-flying animals. As a result of these actions many countries have been freed from rabies. However, the illegal movement of pet animals poses a serious risk of reintroducing the virus into the rabies-free area. Although, the prevalence of rabies in humans in Europe is relatively low, half of the world's population lives in endemic areas. A number of international organisations are working together on a global framework for eliminating dog-mediated human rabies.
EN
Bats are the only mammals that have the ability to fly. In recent years, many emerging and re-emerging diseases threaten humans and animals, raising fear. Studies carried out confirm that many serious diseases are caused by viruses such as: EboV, Marburg, MERSCoV, SARS, Hendra and Nipah, the source of which are bats. Although the bats do not have very close contact with humans viruses are transmitted through intermediate hosts. Changes in the environment caused by human activities lead to increased contacts between humans and animals resulting in a higher risk of infection.
EN
Bats belong to the group of the least known species among all mammals and they are the most widespread mammals in the world. They are the only mammals which are able to fly. Bats live in all continents except Antarctica. Chiroptera is characterized by its ability to adapt to very different environmental conditions. This allows for easy contact with humans. For these reasons bats are of particular interest for the epidemiologists because they can harbor and spread some pathogens like: viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi which are a source of infection for human and terrestrial animals.
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Content available Wścieklizna w Polsce w 2022 r.
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EN
The paper describes the data concerning rabies in domestic animals and in wildlife as well as in bats in Poland in 2007. An analysis of the rabies situation in relation to animal species and geographical distribution of rabies outbreaks has been presented. In 2007 71 rabies cases were diagnosed in the country. Nineteen were recorded in domestic animals, 53 in wildlife and 3 were found in bats. Through comparing the number of rabies cases in two successive years, 2006 and 2007, the decrease of rabies cases in terrestrial animals can be noticed. The highest number of rabies cases were recorded in Northern and Eastern Poland. Most of the rabies cases in these regions have clustered along the border with neighboring countries (Russia - Kaliningrad Region, Lithuania, Byelorussia and Ukraine). The data presented in this article has shown that the epizootic situation of rabies in Poland is under control and a decrease of rabies cases diagnosed in terrestrial animals can be expected in subsequent years. The fox is still the main reservoir of rabies, therefore the oral vaccination as a method of eradication of rabies should be continued in the next years.
EN
Rabies in insectivores was identified in the 1930s of the 20th century. In recent years the study of rabies in European bats and the application of modern methods of investigation enabled the distinction of two lyssaviruses: EBLV 1 and EBLV 2, which represent genotype 5 and 6 respectively. Initially it was supposed that bats are the only host of EBLVs and the virus spreads among bats by way of bites between animals. Unfortunately, it turned out that in rare circumstances EBLVs can infect not only bats but also induce spillover infection to domestic and wildlife animals and man. Although such infections are rare they are a danger for public health and for the health of terrestrial animals. To date four human deaths from EBLVs infection have been reported.
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