Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Struktura i typologia przestrzenna przestępczości w Polsce

100%

Bąk I.

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nr 4 (50)

43-61

EN

The main aim of the article is to present the spatial differentiation of crime in Poland. Were taken into account main types of offenses: criminal, economic and road. Statistical analysis and application of Weber’s median allowed to characterize crime in Poland and to rank the sub-regions due of the risk level of crime. In the study were used spatial and time data included, among others, in the Regional Data Bank in the years 2000-2014 and in Police research papers available on Internet. On the basis of the research it can be said that for several years in Poland has been clearly visible downward trend in the number of detected crimes and, at the same time, increase their detection. Studies have confirmed existing differences between intensity of crime in eastern and western Poland and distinguishing position of big cities (with the exception of Wroclaw).

2

Comparison of the financial situation of local government units before and during the Covid pandemic

63%

Bąk I. , Dawidowicz D.

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tom z. 168

43--56

EN

Purpose: The aim of this article was to determine the financial situation of various levels of local government units during the COVID-19 pandemic in comparison to selected periods from previous years. Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the aim, the authors used one of the methods of multidimensional statistical analysis – the TOPSIS technique. The study included the most important indicators of the financial situation of local government units at all levels (voivodeships, poviats and communes). The authors used data from the Polish Ministry of Finance. Findings: According to the study results, the lower the level of local government, the greater the share of current income in total income, current transfers per capita, operating surplus per capita and total liabilities per capita. However, a negative trend was observed as well: the share of investment expenditure in total expenditure decreased at all levels of local government units. Research limitations/implications: An important limitation of the article was the inability to reach the managers of LGUs in order to learn their opinions on the functioning of these entities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Practical implications: A proportional decrease of investment expenditure in the overall expenditure of local government units may lead to deteriorated financial situation of enterprises that were beneficiaries of these orders. Social implications: A smaller proportion of investment expenditure in total expenditure means less investment for the local community (usually infrastructural) and, consequently, slower development of local government units. Originality/value: The originality of the study is based on the fact that it was conducted comprehensively and covered all communes, poviats and voivodships in Poland in 2018-2020.

3

Sustainable development and its relationships with other directions of the development of European Union countries

63%

Cheba K. , Bąk I.

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2020

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nr vol. 64, nr 9

29-44

EN

The main purpose of the paper is to present proposals for the study of relationships between the dimensions of sustainable development and other areas of the EU countries’ development: innovation and competitiveness both from theoretical and practical perspective. The first part presents the assumptions adopted by the authors, and the second the 2-stage research procedure. In the first stage, the relative taxonomic measure of development was calculated, while in the next one the correlation coefficients between considered dimensions and areas were calculated. According to the authors, in the studies of relationships between sustainable development and other considered areas, one should take into account all of the particular dimensions and areas creating the research phenomena.

PL

Głównym celem artykułu jest przedstawienie propozycji badania relacji pomiędzy wymiarami zrównoważonego rozwoju oraz innymi obszarami rozwoju krajów UE: innowacyjnością i konkurencyjnością. W artykule relacje te przedstawiono w ujęciu teoretycznym i praktycznym. W pierwszej części zaprezentowano przyjęte założenia. W drugiej części omówiona została 2-etapowa procedura badawcza. W pierwszym etapie obliczono wartości relatywnych taksonomicznych mierników rozwoju dla każdego analizowanego wymiaru zrównoważonego rozwoju i obszaru innowacyjności i konkurencyjności. W drugim etapie do badania relacji pomiędzy nimi wykorzystano współczynniki korelacji. Zdaniem autorów w badaniach relacji między rozwojem zrównoważonym a innymi obszarami powinno uwzględniać się wszystkie pojedyncze wymiary i obszary tworzące badane zjawiska.

4

Fuzzy cognitive maps and their application in the economic sciences

63%

Bąk I. , Cheba K.

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nr vol. 24, nr 3

20-36

EN

The main purpose of the paper is an expert assessment of the relationship existing between selected indicators carried out using a relatively new tool in economic sciences: Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. The effect of its application is a graphical presentation of the relationship between the factors identified as the key ones. In the paper 23 indicators, describing four selected goals in the Strategy for Sustainable Development, 2030 Agenda were selected. It is assumed that the sustainable development goals should be related but according to the experts opinion this only applies to some indicators. This kind of relationships can be certainly identified in the case of the goals describing social and economic development, but often also economic and environmental development. However, the research results presented in the paper do not always confirm the existence of connections between individual indicators selected for the description of the goals of sustainable development. The paper tries to explain this problem.

PL

Głównym celem artykułu jest ekspercka ocena zależności występujących między wybranymi wskaźnikami przeprowadzona za pomocą stosunkowo nowego narzędzia w naukach ekonomicznych – rozmytych map kognitywnych. Efektem zastosowania tego narzędzia jest graficzne przedstawienie zależności między czynnikami zidentyfikowanymi jako kluczowe. W pracy wybrano w tym celu 23 wskaźniki opisujące 4 wybrane cele Strategii na rzecz Zrównoważonego Rozwoju. Agenda 2030. Przyjmuje się, że cele zrównoważonego rozwoju powinny być ze sobą powiązane, ale zdaniem ekspertów dotyczy to tylko niektórych wskaźników. Relacje tego rodzaju można zidentyfikować na pewno w przypadku celów opisujących rozwój społeczny i gospodarczy, często również rozwój gospodarczy i środowiskowy. Przedstawione wyniki badań nie zawsze jednak potwierdzają istnienie połączeń między pojedynczymi wskaźnikami wybranymi do opisu celów zrównoważonego rozwoju. W artykule podjęto próbę wyjaśnienia tego problemu.