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nr 3
157-164
EN
From the time of the discovery of Trichinella larvae in 1835 until the middle of the next century it was commonly assumed that all trichinellosis was caused by a single species Trichinella spiralis. This species is an intracellular parasite in both a larva and an adult stage. The L1 larvae live in a modified skeletal muscles. The adult worms occupy a membrane-bound portion of columnar epitelium, living as intramulticellular parasite. More than century later T. spiralis have been reported from more than 150 different naturally or experimentally infected hosts and demonstrated worldwide distribution in domestic and/or sylvatic animals. Up to date, Trichinella genus comprised eight species (T. spiralis, T. nativa, T. britovi, T. murrelli, T. nelsoni, T. pseudospiralis, T. papuae and T. zimbabwensisi) and three additional genotypic variants that have not yet to be taxonomically defined (T6, T8, T9). Molecular markers revealed that Trichinella T6 is related to T. nativa, Trichinella T8 related to T. britovi. Two main clades are recognized in the genus Trichinella: the first encapsulated in host muscle tissue and the second-non-encapsulated. In this paper the history of Trichinella spp. discovery, their life cycle, taxonomy and phylogeny have been reviewed.
5
75%
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nr 2
263-267
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nr 2
153-157
EN
Three species of oribatid mites: Scheloribates latipes, Pergalumna nervosa and Ceratozetes sp. were experimentally infected with Moniezia expansa eggs or oncospheres. The intermediate hosts were kept under constant laboratory conditions at 27°C and 80% relative humidity. Three species of oribatid mites became infected and completely developed cestode cysticercoids were found. The early part of life cycle of M. expansa was studied in S. latipes. The mites were examined on 20th, 24th and 29th day after cestode oncosphera invasion. A fully fonned cysticercoid of M. expansa was observed on 29th day after infection. The mean of intensity of infection was 1-5 cysticercoides per mite. The infected and living oribatid mites could be kept under laboratory conditions for 7 months. The cysticercoides which had been recovered from S. latipes after this time were able to infect sheep.
EN
One month old male Wistar rats were infected with 4,000 T. spiralis muscle larvae and exposed to intraperitoneal challenge with a lyophilized cell wall extract of Propionibacterium granulosum. The animals were arranged in groups which included naive controls, single and concurrent treatment. The latter comprised several groups differing only in the interval between infection with T. spiralis and administration of the bacterial extract. The intensity of infection was assessed during the intestinal (5 DAI, 10 DAI) and muscle (42 DAI) phases of infection, fecundity indices were calculated and changes in the relative concentration of peripheral blood leucocytes, erythrocytes and haemoglobin levels were monitored. No changes in erythrocyte concentration were detected in groups treated with the immunomodulator and infected with T. spiralis, but increased leucocyte counts, haematocrit and haemoglobin levels depended on the time of treatment in relation to infection and day on which the parameters were monitored. All rats treated with the bacterial extract had lower adult worm counts but harboured worms with enhanced fecundity relative to the control group. The intensity of the muscle phase was lower only in those groups treated with the bacterial extract after nematode infection.
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nr 1
141-148
EN
The paper presents different aspects of natural gastrointestinal nematode infection in this primitive, prolific Polish Wrzosówka breed of sheep. The study was carried out on the flock located at the farm run by Warsaw Agricultural University at Żelazna (central Poland) in 1995-1998. Egg counts per gram of faeces, larval differentiation, total white blood cell counts, blood eosinophil counts, interleukin-5 concentration, lymphocyte blastogenic activity and IgG immune response were discussed. The egg counts were overdispersed and followed a different pattem each grazing season. The larvae obtained from faecal culture belonged to 6 categories: Trichostrongylus spp., Haemonchus contortus, Teladorsagia spp., Cooperia spp., Chabertia ovina/Oesophagostomum spp. and Nematodirus spp. However there were no discemible pattems in the com position of nematode population over time. Data analyses have shown that egg counts, eosinophil counts, IL-5 concentration and IgG level in different months each year were repeatable. The results obtained in two divergent groups of sheep, chosen for consistently low or high faecal egg counts have been presented also. Polish Wrzosówka breed of sheep is under conservation breeding program based mainly on the markers of breed standard. The results obtained in this study revealed that some parasitological, haematological and immunological parameters should be added to this program.
16
Content available Pierwszy polski izolat Neospora caninum
51%
EN
The influence of Heligmosomoides polygyrus on infection with Trichinella spiralis was studied in BALB/c mice. Mice coinfected with T. spiralis and previously given H. Polygyrus harboured both nematode species till day 34. The number of T. spiralis muscle larvae was greater in mice coinfected with H. polygyrus/T. spiralis or T. spiralis/H. polygyrus than after infection with T. spiralis alone. Infection with H. polygyrus did not enhance eosinophil and IL-5 levels induced by T. spiralis. Additionally, the production of IgG1 specific to LI T. spiralis was inhibited by co-infection. Changes in the levels of IFN-y and IgG2a implicated a disturbance in Th2 cell activation during protective response and resulted in the greater number of T. spiralis muscle larvae in coinfected mice.
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