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EN
Effective shock absorption of the body in the presence of excitations of a random nature results in the necessity of using vibration dampers. The classic solution is the viscous damper, which works by dissipating mechanical energy in the form of heat generated to the external environment. The characteristics of the flexible components in car suspensions (elastic and damping) affect the transfer of mechanical energy. The purpose of the research was to develop a method for assessing the impact of damping in a suspension system on the transfer of mechanical energy from unsprung masses to the body. The assumed research goal was carried out on a vehicle model with two degrees of freedom, whose parameters corresponded to the real object. The developed method uses energy relationships occurring between selected variables of the vibrating motion of inertial elements of a motor vehicle. The results obtained during simulation tests were empirically verified on a real object. The proposed method allows to assess how the damping in the suspension system affects the energy relationships occurring in the vehicle suspension vibrating motion.
EN
Car tire belting is a key structural element. Its operation in the tire determines the maintenance of the geometrical stability of the pneumatic wheel in conditions of variable operational loads. The belt creates a spatial composite structure in which the structural component is usually made of braided steel strands. The even arrangement of the fibers in the belt determines its mechanical properties. Under normal conditions, the belting is invisible in used tires and its technical condition is difficult to assess. The arrangement of the belt wires in the tire can be seen usingX-ray imaging, which was used in this work. In the conducted research, various configurations of the lamp settings and the detector of the measurement system were tested. On the basis of the tests performed, it is possible to assess irregularities in the belting resulting from manufacturing errors. However, a more important application of the obtained results is the possibility of assessing operating wear. Delamination in the belt detected during the tests reduce the safety of using such tires.
EN
Increasing exports of goods between countries over long distances and increasing amounts of cargo generated by ports and transported on roads and railways require the organization of cargo transportation using several modes of transport, forcing the construction of places (container terminals) where it is possible to reload them to other means of transportation. An important aspect of cargo transportation by intermodal transport is its proper securing with the use of properly selected packaging and a loading unit. This article shows how to properly prepare cargo for transport. It also presents a diagram of the correct calculations of the permissible masses that may be in the container during transport to prevent overloading of the container and evenly distribute the load so that the reloading devices located in container terminals are not damaged during reloading to another mode of transport. Therefore, appropriate securing of the load against its displacement and damage was also selected.
EN
The use of tires is limited, on the one hand, by their geometric wear, which is interpreted by vehicle users as the tread height, on the other hand, as a result of aging processes. There is an intrinsic magnetic field around the tire. This specific feature of the tire can be interpreted as the magnetic pattern of the tire. The aim of the research was to determine the influence of operation on the distribution of magnetic induction around the tire. The tests were carried out on new tires and after a specific operational mileage. The obtained results in the form of spatial images of the distribution of the magnetic field force lines of new tires and after a specific operational mileage allowed to visualize the differences in their technical condition, which were not possible to observe using other research methods.
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