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tom 50
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nr 2
17-30
EN
This article proposes to present the issue of insularity in the archipelago of Cape Verde, an African country marked by several centuries of Portuguese colonization, with particular emphasis on the analysis of the interrelation between socio-historical factors and linguistic phenomena that occurred in this insular country. Taking into consideration this context, we will draw attention to the importance of insularity in the process of miscegenation of the populations in the colonial era, to the process of the formation of Creole as a result of multilingual contacts, as well as to the long process of the construction of the social identity of Cape Verdeans in the history of this society.
PT
O presente estudo tem como objetivo comparar o sistema temporal polaco e português, isto é, comparar as estratégias pragmáticas utilizadas na expressão da categoria linguistica de tempo nas duas línguas analisadas. Para atingir este objetivo propomos demonstrar primeiro as particularidades do sistema das oposições temporais em polaco e em português para evidenciar as diferenças e as semelhanças existentes entre o sistema de ambas as línguas. Os exemplos que propomos para a nossa análise foram escolhidos de modo a evidenciarem, de um lado, as características da língua polaca e a sua originalidade, e de outro, as ricas possibilidades que a língua portuguesa tem ao seu dispor nesta matéria como os meios correspondentes. As nossas considerações evidenciaram que as duas línguas dispõem de processos diferentes para marcar os valores temporais que não costumam coincidir, assim como em situações que não são as mesmas nas duas línguas.
EN
The aim of this study is to compare the temporal system of the Polish and Portuguese language that is to indicate common and distinguishing features between two above mentioned systems. Therefore firstly it shall be considered how both systems are functioning, secondly the most fundamental criteria of such comparison shall be established. Finally an analysis of temporal values of the particular verbal forms shall be conducted. Furthermore the purpose of this study is to compare means of expression of the temporal category in Polish with means of expression of the temporal category in Portuguese. As a result the study indicated that the temporal category together with category of aspect form interconnected grammatical categories which meet on the functional basis. While in Portuguese time and aspect are expressed by morphemes cumulating both functions, Polish has different means of expression of each of these categories. The study enabled to formulate conclusions regarding similarities and differences between both systems as well as to indicate specific features which emphasize uniqueness of each analyzed system.
PL
Celem pracy jest porównanie systemu temporalnego języka portugalskiego i języka polskiego, czyli wskazanie na te cechy, które łączą i które dzielą oba systemy. Aby osiągnąć postawiony cel, należało najpierw zastanowić się nad funkcjonowaniem każdego z badanych systemów, wyznaczyć najistotniejsze kryteria tego porównania, by w końcu dokonać analizy wartości temporalnych poszczególnych form werbalnych. Prezentowana praca stanowi również próbę porównania środków wyrazu kategorii czasu w języku portugalskim ze środkami, jakimi dysponuje w tym zakresie język polski. Nasze rozważania wykazały, że kategoria czasu wraz z kategorią aspektu tworzy kompleks ściśle ze sobą związanych kategorii gramatycznych, przenikających się na płaszczyźnie funkcjonalnej. Podczas gdy w języku portugalskim czas i aspekt wyrażany jest morfemami kumulującymi obie funkcje, język polski dysponuje odmiennymi środkami wyrazu każdej z obu kategorii. Przeprowadzona analiza pozwoliła na sformułowanie wniosków dotyczących podobieństw i różnic między obu systemami, a także na wskazanie cech stanowiących o oryginalności każdego z analizowanych systemów.
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EN
There are many hypotheses and theories about the origin of Creole languages. Most of them were developed in XX century. According to some of the theories all Creole languages have a common origin and come from a so called protolanguage, which comes from the XV century and has been developed along the west coast of Africa (monogenesis). Others claim that Creole languages have been developed due to the contact and mix of many languages (polygenesis). The aim of the article presented below is to outline one of many different theories of the origin of Creole languages, the so called universal theory. According to this theory Creole languages – like other natural languages, although they were formed under specific conditions – arose because of a biological program which is embedded in our minds and which is genetically passed over from generation to generation.
EN
Verbal periphrases are one of the most representative ways of expression of the category of aspect in the Portuguese language. The purpose of this article is to present how the periphrases compose the aspectual value of expressions. Moreover the author indicates some semantic incompatibilities, which arise between particular elements forming together one periphrase and different elements forming whole expressions.
8
Content available remote Para compreender a situacao linguistica em Mocambique
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EN
The aim of this article is to present the linguistic situation in Mozambique. In this African country, with population of about 20 millions, post-colonial Portuguese is the official language, even though it is spoken by only 25% of its inhabitants. The majority of people speak as their mother tongue one of 23 African languages belonging to the Bantu group. Other languages spoken in the country include English, which plays an increasingly important role in the society, as well as several languages of Asian origin spoken by some minority groups. In this article, we aim to demonstrate that the linguistic diversity of Mozambique is a consequence of variety of languages spoken in Mozambique and of different historical as well as social, ethnic and regional factors. We also show that the coexistence of Portuguese with the autochthon languages is possible when it refers to different spheres of life.
12
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EN
The aim of the article is to present the origins of regional diversity of Brazilian Portuguese. The paper defines diatopic variation and describes the influence of other languages on Brazilian Portuguese over the years, especially at the phonetic and lexical levels. The analyzed languages are: European Portuguese (the language of the colonizer), South American indigenous languages, African languages, the Arabic language, as well as European languages (Dutch, French, Italian, German and Spanish).
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