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Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2017
|
tom 72
|
nr 6
417 – 428
EN
Contrary to reconciliation forgiveness in modern sense appears in philosophy in the context of „German guilt“ relatively lately, namely as late as at the end of the second half of the 20th century. It is perhaps due to this relative novelty that the two are arbitrarily mistaken one with another or understood as mutually dependent. In addition to a briefly outlined historical context we focus on unveiling the essential differences between reconciliation and forgiveness. Metaphorically speaking, the forgiveness requires face-to-face relationship with the other, while reconciliation settles for walking side by side. While forgiveness represents a radical event, the reconciliation cannot deny its cunning dialectical origin. Thus the praise of forgiveness is the praise of that special, paradoxical and probably even still not conferred gift so desperately expected by modern humans.
EN
Referring to a passage from Blanchot's novel 'Thomas l'Obscure', the paper questions the clear contours between literature and philosophy as disciplines. The point where the clear distinction breaks down is the phenomenon of reading. In a decisive moment of each authentic reading the author tries to introduce a 'phenomenology of reading', in which we ourselves as readers are being transformed to the ones who are read. Light, truth, clarity - all these are notions, which are opposed in Blanchot by passivity, night, and absence. Underlined in particular is the absence of meaning, of any light in perpetuated occidental theoretical discourse, which is nothing more than one's apology of oneself. Not to betray Blanchot means to abandon pure commentaries of his philosophy and to find another ways of its interpretation. Thus the questions of reading, interpretation, and translation might become the questions of life and death. To articulate this alternative approach is one of the aims of the paper.
EN
Basically it is not possible to fully understand to the Levinas' ethical axioms without the comprehension of his time scheme. This is to be defended here as it is important to show the time awareness apparent in its relationship to the infinity which is essentially preconditioned by the death. The term time does not necessarily include the 'conatus essendi', however, especially the ontological excess 'extra sui' is present. The death and the nihility are not the last possible instances of the question of the being; on the contrary, they are the essential conditions for the constitution of the time. It is not possible for the time to be realized without the approach of the Other's future, within the hypostatic isolation of the subject. It is on the background of the neutrality that the subjectivity arises. The time is not the question of subjectivity. The presence of the existing essentially relates to the duration. The nihility is a destructive moment of the duration and it lies in the detachedness of the present moments. In this sense the sociability - the space of time - is actually 'contra tempus'.
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