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Historia badań klimatologicznych w Zakładzie Meteorologii i Klimatologii Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

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Zawadzka A. , Uniwersytet Łódzki; Wydział Nauk Geograficznych; Katedra Meteorologii i Klimatologii

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EN

Department of Meteorology and Climatology University of Łódź was created almost 45 years ago. The creator and the many years' head of Department was Professor Stanisław Zych. The oldest research trends were: urban climate and bioclimate, human biometeorology, regional climatology of different areas of Poland, fluctuations and long-term changes of climate. In subsequent years beside above-mentioned it was started to develop such trends us: spatial differentiation and variability of climate (mainly precipitations), relationships between circulation and long-term variability of climate conditions in Poland and in Europe, topoclimatic differentiation in selected field conditions.

PL

Zakład Meteorologii i Klimatologii UL powstał blisko 45 lat temu. Twórcą i wieloletnim kierownikiem zakładu był prof. dr Stanisław Zych. Najstarsze nurty badawcze to m. in.: klimat i bioklimat obszarów zurbanizowanych, biometeorologia człowieka, klimatologia regionalna różnych obszarów Polski, wahania i długookresowe zmiany klimatu. W ostatnich latach publikacje naukowe dotyczą także: przestrzennego zróżnicowania zmienności elementów klimatu, głównie opadów atmosferycznych, związków między cyrkulacją atmosferyczną a wieloletnią zmiennością warunków klimatycznych w Polsce i w Europie, zróżnicowania topoklimatycznego terenów o urozmaiconej rzeźbie.

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Neutralization of poultry waste by thermohydrolysis in near-critical water

63%

Janas M. , Zawadzka A.

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tom no. 30

24--30

EN

The main problem occurring during poultry and animal production is the management of waste generated in slaughterhouses and poultry processing plants. These wastes, due to the bacteriological threat and the difficulty in storage, adversely affect all elements of the environment and thus require quick neutralization. The prospective method of liquidation of this type of waste is thermohydrolysis in near-critical water. The aim of the work was to examine the decomposition of poultry waste, i.e. waste blood, soft tissues, chicken heads, feathers, subjected to the process of thermohydrolysis in near-critical water. The decomposition process was carried out at a pressure of 10 MPa in the temperature range of 120°C - 250°C and with a variable residence time in the reactor. Detailed analysis of the results allowed us to state that the longer the residence time in the reactor, the higher the content of soluble organic compounds in the liquid phase. The beneficial effect of applying the thermohydrolysis process on the increased reduction of organic substances present in the investigated wastes was also demonstrated.

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Degradation of pentachlorophenol by high temperature hydrolysis

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Janas M. , Zawadzka A.

Acta Innovations

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2019

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tom no. 31

64--70

EN

The long-term use of plant protection products in agriculture, including pentachlorophenol (PCP), has contributed to their widespread distribution in the natural environment. So far, no cheap and effective techniques for removing chlorophenols by physicochemical or biological methods have been developed. Therefore, alternative methods of neutralizing them are currently being sought. The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of pentachlorophenol decomposition by high temperature thermohydrolysis. The decomposition process was carried out at a constant pressure of 25 MPa, in the temperature range of 20°C to 500°C and at various volumetric flows of PCP through the reactor. Detailed analysis of the results showed that the process and degree of pentachlorophenol reduction depended on residence time in the reactor and the process temperature. The obtained results indicate that thermohydrolysis in supercritical water is not an effective method to neutralize pentachlorophenol. The high costs of conducting this process together with an average degree of PCP conversion (the conversion of pentachlorophenol at the lowest volumetric flow rate through the reactor reached about 45%) cause that thermohydrolysis at high temperature is not a costeffective method of neutralizing pentachlorophenol.

4

Zagubieni wśród „parków”

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Zawadzka A. , Czochański J. , Korwel-Lejkowska B.

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nr 2(8)

PL

Artykuł stanowi polemiczny przegląd „słownej twórczości developerów”, tworzącej nową modę na wprowadzanie nazw obiektów budowlanych, podszywających się pod pozytywne skojarzenia z terenami zieleni, rekreacji, piękna i ciszy. Głównym przedmiotem zainteresowania są „parki” – ale nie w tradycyjnym znaczeniu tego słowa lecz obiekty budowlane, którym zaczęto przypisywać nazwy własne zawierające to słowo. Dominują wśród nich osiedla mieszkaniowe, ale coraz więcej jest też innego typu obiektów – handlowych, czy biurowych. Już obecnie liczba „parków” budowlanych znacząco przewyższa liczbę parków rekreacyjnych, wchodzących w skład miejskich terenów zieleni. Na problem ten należy zwrócić uwagę, przez uczciwość wobec przyszłych mieszkańców i dla zachowania właściwej relacji pomiędzy terenami zieleni, a nieuczciwym wykorzystywaniem pozytywnych skojarzeń słów dla uzyskania celów ekonomicznych inwestorów.

EN

This article is a polemical review of the "creative art of developers" that have induced a new fashion of designating to the newly erected buildings the names impersonating the positive associations with green areas, recreation, beauty and silence. The paper features the "parks" - not in the traditional sense of the term but building objects that have been assigned the park-related trademarks. Among these are predominantly the new housing estates followed by commercial or office buildings. Already now the number of so dubbed "parks" significantly exceeds the number of recreational parks in urban green areas. This issue needs to be addressed to maintain a proper relationship between green spaces but also needs to be put in the customer perspective as the unfair use of positive word associations to achieve the economic goals of investment contravenes with the respect for future residents.