With the increase in the mass of municipal waste generated, the demand for facilities dealing with their development is increasing. The aim of the research was to determine environmental and anthropogenic factors affecting the location of waste management facilities and an attempt to indicate potential locations for selected waste management facilities in the communes of the Sądecko-Gorlicki region. The scope of work included: a review of existing waste management facilities in the studied region, acquisition of geodatabase for digital data, analysis of the distance between the waste management facilities and environmental or anthropogenic elements, and analysis of potential locations designated in the GIS based on the developed criteria.As a result of spatial analyzes, it was found that in the study area, there are 3 places of potentiallocations for installation of municipal solid waste treatment facilities.
In recent years, a significant surge in the mass of generated waste with varying morphological composition has been observed. Packaging made of both plastic and paper has an increasing share in the municipal solid waste stream. The multiplicity of packaging means that proper methods and installations are needed to appropriately manage the waste generated from it. A special type of packaging waste is made of paper and cardboard and it is considered as biodegradable waste. It can be processed in both mechanical (material) and biological treatment processes. Thanks to the microorganisms involved in biological treatment processes, the organic matter present in waste should be decomposed (biodegradable). The main aim of the study was to analyze the dynamics of the biodegradation process of selected packaging waste made of paper and cardboard in various research environments. The waste used for the analysis differed primarily in grammage. The dynamics of the decomposition rate of the examined waste was analyzed for materials placed in 4 different research environments. The analysis showed significant differences in the rate of biodegradation of the tested waste. Differences were also found in the rate of material decomposition in individual research environments. Materials with low grammage such as paper towels and sandwich paper wrapper were the fastest to biodegrade.
The amount of generated waste has been increasing for several years in Poland. There is a lot of research in the field of the environmental and economic evaluation of waste treatment processes. Waste transport is considered to be one of the most important elements of waste management (WM), because it integrates the whole WM system. The environmental impact of waste transport is rising (emissions to air). The European Union introduced provisions on the principle of proximity in the Waste Framework Directive. This principle suggests that waste should generally be transported, treated or disposed of as near to its place of origin as possible. The main aim of the study was to perform an ecological and technical-economic analysis of transportation of selected types of waste (mixed municipal solid waste, construction and demolition waste, separately collected waste called: segregation). The research applied data obtained from a municipal enterprise operating in the South Poland. SimaPro 8.1 software with Ecoinvent 3.3 database was employed to calculate the environmental impact. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the transportation of 1 Mg construction waste had twice as much negative impact on the environment as transportation of 1 Mg mixed municipal waste and segregated waste. This is connected with higher fuel consumption per 1 Mg of transported construction waste and twice the distance that an average hooklift truck must cover in order to collect 1 Mg of construction waste.
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