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Content available remote RAM Simulation of BGS Model of Abstract-state Machines
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EN
We show in this paper that the BGS model of abstract state machines can be simulated by random access machines with at most a polynomial time overhead. This result is already stated in [5] with a very brief proof sketch. The present paper gives a detailed proof of the result. We represent hereditarily finite sets, which are the typical BGS ASM objects, by membership graphs of the transitive closure of the sets. Testing for equality between BGS objects can be done in linear time in our representation.
EN
Binarisation methods already reported are inadequate for binarisation of complex documents such as maps due to large intensity variations across the regions and entangled texts with lines representing borders, rivers, roads and similar other components. This paper proposes a new binarisation technique for coloured land map images by extracting the regions and analysing the hue, saturation spread and within class kurtosis. This is a region-wise adaptive algorithm to cope up with the sharp changes of the discriminating features across different regions. Here, local regions are selected as clusters having the same hue and saturation. The regions are individually binarised using the spread of their degree of within class kurtosis and finally combined together. The regions extracted are further utilised for stitching of map documents which contain some portion in common. We use a simple greedy technique using correlation matching to join two or more map images such that information from both can be viewed and compared. Our experiments include 446 colour maps from the map image database created for this purpose and made freely available at website. This work is an extended version of our previous work on map image binarisation [1].
EN
The equivalent stiffness and damping coefficients calculated successively along the journal center locus with reference to the equilibrium position are obtained (in the case of stable journal orbit) using Taylor series expansion. To validate the accuracy of the derived coefficients, the journal orbit is compared with the transient simulation under similar operating conditions. The equivalent dynamic coefficients are further evaluated according to the modified journal position using linear interpolation procedure. The average value of the equivalent stiffness and damping coefficients are calculated at various perturbation amplitudes from equilibrium position along the transient orbit. The influence of journal center position and velocities is observed. With nonlinear coefficients close to actual simulation under stable conditions this methodology provides the bearing designer variation of dynamic coefficients in the bearings.
EN
An easili adaptable design for journal bearing is furnished as an improvement over bearing design evaluated by trial and error method using many design charts. Guidelines are arranged to decide bearing length, clearance and bearing materials. Simplified closed form algebraic expressions are used to reduce computational time and cost for the prediction of maximum pressure, fluid film temperature rise, quantity of lubricant, friction loss, load zapacity and whirl onset velocity. Automatic iterative solving feature of TKSolver software is applied to extract eccentricity for a given load. The results of load, maximum pressure, friction loss, maximum temperature and attitude angle are given in tabular form over a range of eccentricity ratio to optimize bearing design.
EN
Goldenhar syndrome (GS) is a well-recognised condition characterised by variable degree of uni- or bilateral involvement of craniofacial structures involving first and second branchial arches manifesting ocular and auricular anomalies and also vertebral defect. This syndrome presents at birth and its exact aetiology is still unknown. The affections of the neural crest cells may have some role in the multiple malformations of the GS. We present a teenaged female case who attended the Orthopaedic Outpatient Department to receive handicapped certificate in Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital. She had multiple skeletal abnormalities, which included hemifacial microsomia, vertebral malformations in the form of scoliosis, distorted pelvis, but the most striking feature was the absence of thumb and aplasia of radius of left side. She did not suffer from any ocular or auricular abnormalities, neither from any cardiological, urogenital or gastroenteric ones. Radial defects associated with GS might represent a subset within this spectrum. Our case probably belongs to this subset, therefore is a very rare one. (Folia Morphol 2013; 72, 4: 362–365)
EN
A little known species of snake eel, Ophichthus lithinus (Jordan et Richardson, 1908), is reported for the first time from the east coast of India, Bay of Bengal based on two specimens 632 and 720 mm in total length, collected respectively at Digha, West Bengal and Kalpakam, Tamil Nadu, India. This is the first attempt to provide a detailed description of the species from the Indian Ocean. The presently reported findings constitute an extension of the known distributional range of this species from the Western Pacific to the eastern coast of India.
EN
A specimen of garden eel, Heteroconger tomberua Castle et Randall, 1999, was collected from the traveling water screen of sea water cooling system of the Madras Atomic Power Station (MAPS), Kalpakkam located along the east coast of India. Previously, H. tomberua was recorded in Fiji, Pacific Ocean. The presently reported record greatly extends the fish range to the Indian Ocean and constitutes a new addition to the ichthyofauna of India. The described specimen of H. tomberua, with its total length 55.9 cm, seems to be the largest ever found.
EN
West Bengal is one of the most populated states of India. The residents of the state are mostly dependent on agriculture and allied activities for their livelihood. Livestock also provide economic support and food security to them. A survey in veterinary hospitals and cattle farms of Murshidabad, Nadia, Malda and Birbhum district of West Bengal indicated the frequent occurrence of bacterial, fungal, viral and protozoan diseases in cattle. Some of these diseases like cryptosporidium diarrhoea, ringworm and salmonelliasis are zoonotic in nature and thus, are easily transmitted to human. The frequency of diseases increases during rainy season. Infection of alimentary canal and pneumonia are more common in calves whereas, arthritis is more common in male. Most of the common diseases of cattle like anthrax, rabies, foot and mouth disease, bovine tuberculosis, etc., can be prevented by proper vaccination. Some of these diseases can easily be diagnosed by modern techniques like ELISA, PCR, etc. But lack of veterinary hospitals, socio-economic backwardness and misconception have prevented easy diagnosis and treatment of these common diseases. Common antibiotic like kanamycin, antifungal drugs and antitoxins are generally applied to treat these diseases. Further, maintenance of proper hygiene, isolation of diseased animal, regular check-up and vaccination can prevent easy transmission of the diseases and thus, will put a check on livestock damage.
EN
First records of: viper moray, Enchelynassa canina (Quoy et Gaimard, 1824); vermiculated blenny, Entomacrodus vermiculatus (Valenciennes, 1836); cardinalfish, Apogon fleurieu (Lacepède, 1802); and orangelined cardinalfish, Archamia fucata (Cantor, 1849) in the waters along the east coast of India are herewith documented. This record increases the knowledge on the richness of the Indian marine reef-associated fauna and may suggest a range extension of the geographical distribution of the mentioned species from the western Indian waters to east coast of India.
EN
Abiotic stresses such as drought and high salinity unfavorably affect the growth and productivity of crop plants. Therefore, the development of stress-tolerant crops is essential for the affected cultivable areas. It has been shown in the current study that the overexpression of stress-responsive NAC1 (SNAC1) transcription factor (TF) significantly increases salinity and drought tolerance in a farmer-popular high-yielding, transgenic rice. The indica rice variety BRRIdhan 55, which was poorly responsive to tissue culture was transformed with the SNAC1 TF from the rice landrace Pokkali by the in planta method. Addition of acetosyringone in the Agrobacterium suspension and coculture media increased previously reported transformation efficiencies by four-folds. Integration of foreign genes into the genome of transgenic plants was confirmed by genespecific PCR and Southern blot analysis. The level of transgene expression (SNAC1) was also quantified by realtime PCR. Genetic segregation ratio for T1 progenies was calculated and found to follow the law of Mendelian inheritance. Phenotypic screening was conducted at T2 and T3 seedling stages where the transgenic lines exhibited much better tolerance compared to their control nontransgenic plants at 120 mM (NaCl) salt as well as drought stress implemented by withholding water for 20 days.
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