Despite being known for a very long time, the toast as a non-literary genre still has been attracting re-searchers’ interest. The main reason for this interest is an enormous variety of this genre in terms of its topics and generic composition. Toasts are a part of etiquette consisting of linguistic behaviour and non-verbal effects serving as a kind of reference if interpretation problems arise. Toasts are usually treated as an illocutionary act expressing a certain intention. In the formal semantic analysis of toasts, a significant role is played by the situational context involving the speaker – the person proposing a toast, the hearer i.e. a group of people to whom the toast is made, and neutral observers participating in the act who are not direct addressees of the toast. The context also involves non-verbal behaviour accompanying words, such as certain gestures and requisites.
The issue of translating legal texts has been a subject of interest of both philologists and lawyers. The result of translation activities in this area is assessed not only in terms of language correctness, equivalence and adequacy but also through the aspect of potential extralinguistic consequences. The codified legal texts typically have a fixed formal structure. Each component of such a text plays a specific role due to which the text becomes an official document. Another significant function played by the component is expression of the correct content determined in accordance with the existing system of notions in a particular area. While analysing texts strictly legal in their character, some detachment from presumptions typically made by linguists can be observed. This research is deeply immersed in legal linguistics because words and texts included in it are interpreted through the law perspective (and legal notions respectively) in relation to the law—due to its content and purpose, but not through meanings in the general language. Structure elements of general language, placed in the frames of a legal text undergo a process of juridisation. That means that they are compared to strictly legal elements and require a legal and hermeneutical analysis analogous to them
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.