In the 100-year history of the Polish Geological Society (PGS), international activity has been very important element of its activity. Shortly after the formation of PGS in 1921, CBGA (1922) and INQUA (1928) were formed as a result of the activities of PGS members. In the post-WWII period, international cooperation was undertaken by both the Main Board of PGS, as well as regional branches and specialist sections. During this period, foreign activity was limited mainly to the countries of the Eastern Block (Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Yugoslavia) and Austria. Nevertheless, the Ore Deposit Genesis Section and Palaeontological Section joined international organizations (IAGOD and IPA). The revival of international contacts took place in the 1990s. Cooperation was established with societies from the Baltic Countries, Albania and Bulgaria. The Polish Geological Society has become a member of AEGS and EFG and is affiliated with the AAPG. In the first two decades of the 21st century, PGS organized several international conferences: 12th MAEGS (2001), Pan-European Correlation of the epicontinental Triassic 4th Meeting (2007), GEO-Pomerania (2007), ICHNIA (2008), SEDIMENT (2009), 31st IAS Meeting of Sedimentology (2015) and 16th CETEG Meeting (2018). An important element of international cooperation has always been the participation of geologists from neighbouring countriesin the annual scientific meetings of PTGeol and symposia of specialist sections taking place in border areas. In this respect, the best cooperation in several decades was with colleagues from the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany, and after 2000 also from Ukraine. PGS grants the status of an honorary member of the Society to distinguished persons from abroad. Even before World War II, Maurice Lugeon became the first honorary member of PGS in history. In 100-year history ofPGS, 47persons from Poland and abroad received it, also members of PGS received status of an honorary member from other Geological Societies.
In this study, weapply microscopic analysis to evaluate thematurity of organic matter and characterise the macerals dispersed in the Upper Eocene shale samples from the Hieroglyphic Formation (Silesian Nappe, Outer Carpathians). The mean vitrinite reflectance values indicate the presence of organic matter immature to hydrocarbon generation (Ro≈0.43%).The main organic component dispersed in analysed samples is vitrinite, characteristic of kerogen type III.
The Kraków Branch of the Polish Geological Society (PGS) was established in 1922 and is the oldest and largest regional branch of the PGS. Initially, it was managed directly by the PGS Main Board, and from 1963, it has its own board. From the beginning, it has been one of the most active centres of the PGS and supported the work of the PGS management board in organizational activities in the country and in foreign cooperation. During World War II, its members gave secret lectures, and in the post-war period, they took part in reactivating the PGS activities and establishing both other branches and most of the specialist sections of PGS. The branch organized about 30% of all annual PGS Scientific Meetings and several dozen other scientific symposia and popular scientific sessions. It was the centre to initiate the organization of Polish Geological Congresses in the 21st century. The Kraków Branch includes representatives of all scientific institutes from Kraków and beyond, dealing with Earth sciences.
The geology of the Carpathian orogen in the Przemyśl area shows a diverse array of rock ages and tectonics. However, due to complicated tectonic settings and limited exposures, establishing the precise ages of selected sections and their structural arrangement is challenging. A particularly contentious aspect is the uncertain age of the exotic-bearing layers in the region, with previous age dates ranging from Neocomian to Miocene, leading to significant age discrepancies even for the same sections. Therefore, the need for well-defined age determinations is crucial. To address this issue we established precise biostratigraphic constraints on selected sections in the northern part of the Skole Nappe, specifically within the Ropianka Formation developed as marly and silty deposits with carbonate sandstones and exotic material including large olistoliths. Planktonic and calcareous benthic foraminifera from the exposures studied indicated the lower upper Maastrichtian, embracing the interval of the Racemiguembelina fructicosa and lower part of the Abathomphalus mayaroensis zones. Additionally, re-evaluation of the data of Bukowy and Geroch (1956) from the Iwanowa Hill section indicated its late Maastrichtian age, not the early Maastrichtian as previously inferred. Based on this new biostratigraphic data, the deposits of the Zielonka section are here reclassified to belong to the Leszczyny Member, and not the Paleocene Wola Korzeniecka Member as proposed by Gucik (Geroch et al., 1988). The sections studied seem to mark the lower age-limit of the redeposition of exotic material cropping out in the marginal part of the Gruszowa-Prałkowce Thrust Sheet.
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