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EN
The paper presents the use of satellite remote sensing to vegetation succession analysis in Thingvellir National Park in Iceland. The research had the below aims: 1) analysis of succession of common white birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) 2) an assessment of quantity of birch trees 3) classification of basic types of vegetative cover 4) analysis of possibilities of use of remote sensing data in Thingvellir National Park. The paper encompassed analysis and interpretation of SPOT5 satellite images of the park and its surroundings (taken in 2003) and digital maps produced on the basis of aerial photographs and field observations (from the years 1955.1978). The analysis has covered fenced part of the park (5002 ha). Within the framework of field work, decision of number and kind of vegetation classes was made. As much as 4 classes were fixed and verified in the field . grass cover, moss cover, broad-leaved/birch cover, coniferous cover. The maps of the scale: 1:50 000 i 25 000 were made, and then verified in the field. The vegetation classes constituted respectively: grass cover . 1.0% of the park area, moss cover . 19.0%, broad-leaved trees/birch . 54%, coniferous trees . 0.3%. There was also the class .others. (25.7% of the park area), which encompasses all areas having no meaning for final results and areas which are impossible to classify. Selected data concerning birch (on the basis of SPOT5 and field control) were compared to data from the years 1972.1978. Unfortunately, precise quantity comparison was impossible due to differences in accuracy of data (date from the years 1972.1978 are less precise). Hence only area comparison was made. In the years 1955.2003 area covered by birch did not changed considerably, still it is the dominant class in respect of area. Presently common white birch covers 2705 ha which is 54% of Thingvellir National Park area within borders from before 2004 and 66% of land area. The project concerned the forests and birch thickets in Thingvellir National Park commissioned by Skógrćkt Ríkisins and RALA (Institut of Forest and Agricultural Research). The main works on project have been done from the beginning of July to the end of September 2005.
2
Content available remote Nowe kierunki pomiaru lasu z wykorzystaniem narzędzi teledetekcyjnych
80%
EN
The paper discusses methodological aspects of a research project financed by the State Forests dealing with forest inventory with the use of modern geomatic technologies (terrestrial and airborne laser scanning, hemispherical photographs, LAI, Mobile Mapping System, very high resolution satellite images).
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2011
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tom Nr 4
163-168
PL
Przedstawiono metodykę określani: parametrów geometrycznych roślinno ści krzewiastej na podstawie pomiarów naziemnym skanerem laserowym FARC LS 880. Badania prowadzono na danych pomiarowych pozyskanych w warunkach laboratoryjnych na roślinności spreparo wanej sztucznie. W celach referencyjnych wykonano pomiary bezpośrednie geometrii badanych roślin. Pozwoliło to przed-stawić możliwości wykorzystania technologii naziemnego skaningu laserowego do pozyskiwania danych niezbędnych do obliczania parametrów oporu przepływu wywołanych roślinnością terenów zalewowych.
EN
The article presents methodology of determining shrub vegetation's geometrical parameters based on measurements realised with the FARO LS 880 terrestrial scanner. The research was carried out based on measurement data obtained in laboratory conditions on artificially prepared vegetation. For reference purposes, the direct measurements of the examined vegetation's geometry were realised. It allowed presentation of possibilities to use the terrestrial laser scanner technology for obtaining data necessary to calculate flow resistance parameters related to the flood area vegetation.
5
Content available remote Analiza wypełnienia leśnej przestrzeni na podstawie modeli typu CAD
70%
EN
The filling of forest space should be defined by a set of synthetic indicators describing structural and dynamic features. The utilization of these indicators in forest sciences, such as forest management or forest nurcery could help in research of development processes in forests. This is necessary in planning the activity related to forest management and protection, in particular . to forest regeneration, maintenance and utilization. An attempt to analyze the filling of forest space was taken in 2007. The experimental material was collected from 50 circular test plots located in the community of fertile Carpathian beech forests in lower-mountain zone of Bieszczady National Park. The results of measurements were imported to AutoCAD 2007 software that was used for spatial analyses. The range of works in the field included measurements of many different structural features in all plant layers of the stand. Moreover, on all test plots azimuths of each tree, as well as distance from the center of the plot to all trees from old-tree layer were measured. These measurements were used for spatial analyses of the distribution of trees in forest space. Area of one tree is contained at a range of 7,69.50,00 m2 and on most test plots it did not deviate very much from the average value (18,13 m2). Average space of one tree amounted to 475,17 m3. On plots in the younger development phases, where there were more trees with small dimensions, value of space of one tree amounted to ca. 120 m3. Besides, random spatial type of distribution of trees dominated on most plots (72%) and not many cases pointed at group distribution. In this study, some indicators were suggested to make forest space characteristics possible. Determination of these parameters may serve analyses of the structure of forest space within the stand. In the future, the indicators can provide some important hints in forest silvicultural and management planning. Further research is needed related to spatial analysis in order to create the synthetic indicators describing structural and dynamic features of all types of stands.
6
Content available remote Wykorzystanie technologii naziemnego skaningu laserowego w inwentaryzacji lasu
70%
EN
Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is the technology of the last few years. Within wide areas of its application, a big potential has been found for scientific and operational use of this technique to register and measure various characteristic features of forest environment. In Poland, the technology has been applied, among others, within the framework of the research project entitled .Forest inventory based on integration of various different geomatics techniques., commissioned by the General Directorate of State Forests to be implemented in the years 2006.2008. The goal of the project is to select methods of remote data collection suitable for forestry uses and to elaborate a forest inventory method based on selected geomatic techniques, including TLS technology. FARO LS 880 scanner was selected for the project. The main research area consists of sample plots located in the Milicz forest district. Consecutive tests were performed in Sławno, Chojna, Zielonka and Grodzisk forest districts. Tests of various variants of data collection and processing were performed. The obtained results concerning measurement accuracy and the scope of collected data were compared with traditional forest inventory methods.
EN
Effects of increasing CO2 content in the atmosphere of Earth have been widely discussed for a long time and found their expression in a form of the .Kyoto Protocol.. The document shows various ways of reducing the CO2 content. Forest management is listed as one of such possibilities. Thus, the important issue arises to monitor carbon amount accumulated or released as a result of forest ecosystem management as well as to predict its changes depending on various scenarios. The importance of this problem persuaded the General Directorate of State Forests to fund a research project entitled .The Carbon balance in biomass of the major forest forming species in Poland.. The goal of the project is to elaborate and validate allometric equations and expansion factors for determining the biomass of forest stands. Methods to assess amount of carbon accumulated in forest ecosystems as well as methods of detecting changes in carbon accumulation and dynamics resulting from various ways of forest management were also to be elaborated. The first stage of the research, planned for years 2007.2010, is to be performed on about 300 sample plots representing different age classes and sites for 8 major forest tree species and 12 species of shrubs. Empirical equations and expansion factors for determining biomass of trees, shrubs, forest floor, and carbon sequestered in stands will be worked out based on direct and indirect measurements of various forest attributes. The valuable element of the project is a possibility of data integration and comparison of various research methods (satellite and airborne imagery, airborne and terrestrial laser scanning, hemispheric images). As a result of the project, also answers to the following questions are expected: What is the influence of LAI, determined with the use of various methods (hemispheric images, airborne and satellite imagery, and airborne and terrestrial laser scanning), on the accuracy of tree biomass and stand carbon balance assessment? What is the role of vegetation indices on tree biomass assessment accuracy? Does the terrestrial laser scanning significantly increase accuracy and precision, and shorten time of tree, stand and forest floor plants. measurements and their biomass assessment?
EN
In the last decade, among various remote sensing inventory methods based on the LIDAR technology, airborne laser scanning (ALS) gained much popularity. The advantages of this method (integration with high-resolution digital imagery and a possibility of performing an accurate inventory of various forest objects over large area) make it a valuable source of data for GIS systems in Polish State Forests. The quality and usefulness of these data is currently validated within the framework of a few research projects in forest districts (Milicz, Rogów, Chojna, .wieradów and Szklarska Poręba), and financed by the State Forests, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, and the European InterReg program. The goal of these studies is to elaborate a forest inventory method suitable for preparation of forest management plans. The method should be applicable not only for the assessment of current state of the forest, but also for predicting development of forest resources in the future.
10
Content available LIDAR w leśnictwie
61%
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