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4 Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

4 Then-Obłuska J.

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Meroitic beadwork: an overview based on finds from Saï in ancient Nubia

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Then-Obłuska J.

tom 25

691-724

The paper provides a preliminary overview of beads and pendants found on Saï Island at two Meroitic cemeteries, 8-B-5.A and 8-B-52.B. In the Meroitic period, strings of beads and pendants were an easily discerned motif in royal and private iconography, as well as in the arts and crafts, pottery included. The Saï bead and pendant assemblage is characterized by a variety of materials, techniques, and shapes that contribute significantly to a comparative study of Meroitic beadwork bead collections. Alongside objects already identified at other sites, richly imbued with visible Egyptian and Greek influences, the Saï assemblage contributes some new bead types. Moreover, the originally strung objects and their fragments confirm known bead patterns used over a long time between the 1st and 4th centuries AD, the date of the Saï necropolises. Finally, a comparison with other sites enables the tracing of some regional differences in Meroitic beadwork.

Trade and faith in Nubian Early Makuria (AD 450–550): macroscopic examination of personal adornments from el-Zuma in Nubia

100%

Then-Obłuska J.

tom 25

741-760

In the long history of the land between the Third and Fourth Cataracts on the Nile, the period corresponding to the times of Early Makuria is particularly well represented. The el-Zuma tumuli cemetery has been dated to the Early Makuria Phase II (AD 450–550). Although the graves were heavily robbed, the remains of personal adornments (beads, pendants, rings, and an earring) give a broad overview of materials (marine mollusk shell, coral, ostrich eggshell, stone, metal, faience, glass) and techniques applied in their production. A comparative synopsis of contemporary Nubian adornments shows parallels for the objects from el-Zuma. Moreover, the provenance of the materials and manufacturing techniques suggests el-Zuma’s involvement in regional and longdistance exchange during this period. Finally, the presence of a Christian symbol and imported beads in the el-Zuma tumuli is meaningful in itself.

Cross-cultural bead encounters at the Red Sea port site of Berenike, Egypt. preliminary assessment (seasons 2009–2012)

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Then-Obłuska J.

tom 24(1)

735-777

A macroscopic analysis of the bead and pendant assemblage from Berenike (excavated in seasons 2009–2012) provides not only a preliminary bead typology and chronology, but contributes to the study of the multicultural character of the Red Sea port of Berenike from the Ptolemaic through the early Byzantine period. The presence of diverse marine and terrestrial organics, semiprecious stones and manmade materials used in crafting beads indicates a substantial supply from coastal and inland desert dwellers, as well as from overland and overseas traders. Part of the products found at Berenike must have been designated for permanent and temporary residents of the town. Other objects originated from, or were destined for African, Arabian or Asian markets.

Beads and pendants from the Hellenistic to early Byzantine Red Sea port of Berenike, Egypt. Season 2014 and 2015

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Then-Obłuska J.

tom 27(1)

203-234

Almost 650 beads and pendants, most of them of glass and faience, were excavated over two seasons in 2014 and 2015 at Berenike on the Red Sea coast of Egypt. This material, coming from 19 trenches variously located within the Hellenistic to early Byzantine site, has contributed some new data, enhancing the Berenike bead typology. Highlights included a Bes pendant of glass from a Hellenistic context and early Roman mosaic glass beads with face patterns. Other materials of which the ornaments were made included marine mollusk shells, ostrich eggshell, and a variety of stone and minerals. Of greatest interest were beads coming from early Roman graves, of an older man (the order of the threaded beads could be traced) and of animals (neck collars). Beads threaded on fragments of string, most probably of Indo-Pacific make, came from the early Roman rubbish dump.