In this study, the iron-rich heavy mineral concentrate production from river sand as a byproduct of an alternative resource by gravity, magnetic separation, and flotation methods were investigated in detail. For the physical separation of the sample and increasing the Fe2O3 content, a shaking table and a wet high-intensity magnetic separator were used, respectively. The gravity and magnetic separation experiments included rougher, cleaner, and scavenger circuits. In the flotation experiments, cationic flotation with ethylenediamine under acidic conditions, and anionic flotation with sodium oleate under alkaline conditions were performed. The iron and silica content of the products obtained were determined by digital image processing (DIP) methods and compared with the classical analytical procedures. Finally, a flow chart was proposed for the processing of the ore according to the optimum enrichment parameters were determined from the experiments. The results obtained in this study show that it is possible to produce an iron-rich heavy mineral concentrate with Fe2O3 grade and recovery rate of 79.13% and 57.81%, respectively, in addition to a potential feed for the production of quartz sand and feldspar concentrates.
In this study, surface chemistry and flotation properties of the gold-bearing galena and pyrite minerals of Menderes region, Izmir, Turkey were investigated with the use of xanthate-thiocarbamate-monothiophosphate collectors. In this context, the micro-flotation experiments, the zeta potential, and bubble-particle attachment time measurements were conducted in the presence of Thiophosphate (Aero S-8045), Xanthate (SIBX), and Thiocarbamate (Aero float MX-505) collectors. In the case of micro-flotation experiments, the MX-505 exhibited higher flotation efficiency for both minerals compared to SIBX and S-8045 collectors. In the micro-flotation tests conducted on galena and pyrite, while the flotation recovery of 99.82% and 81.96% were obtained with MX-505, the flotation recovery of 89.64% and 62.50% were reached in the case of using SIBX. Furthermore, the S-8045 resulted in the flotation recovery s of 75.09% and 25.45% for galena and pyrite, respectively. In the case of zeta potential experiments as a function of pH, the galena mineral showed a negative charge between -17.22 to -41.42 mV at pH 5 - 11, no point of zero charge (pzc) was determined, and the pzc of pyrite was determined as pH≈8. The bubble-particle attachment time experiments performed in the presence of S-8045, SIBX, and MX-505 collectors indicated that the attachment efficiency was 100% in the presence of MX-505 at 12.5-75 g/Mg dosages and 1-1000 ms contact times. These results revealed that there was an extraordinarily strong interaction between the galena/pyrite and the air bubbles in the presence of MX-505. The results obtained within this study indicated that galena and pyrite minerals showed inherently less than 25% natural floatability which can only be enhanced under specific conditions. The results obtained within this study indicated that galena and pyrite minerals showed inherently low natural floatability which can only be enhanced under specific conditions. In the tests conducted on these minerals, galena mineral showed higher than %20 natural floatability compared to pyrite mineral, and collectors produced from thiocarbamates have shown greater effectiveness compared to xanthate and thiophosphate.
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