Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Thermoelastic surface properties of seawater in coastal areas of the Baltic Sea

100%

Boniewicz-Szmyt K. , Pogorzelski S. J.

Oceanologia

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2016

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tom 58

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nr 1

2

Zmiany czasowe właściwości fizycznych bałtyckiej ropy naftowej

100%

Boniewicz-Szmyt K. , Toczek H.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni

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2006

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tom nr 56

92-99

PL

W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono zmiany czasowe oraz temperaturowe wybranych właściwości fizycznych surowej ropy naftowej, pobranej z odwiertów Platformy "Baltic Beta". Wyniki tych pomiarów pozwoliły na wyznaczenie parametrów opisujących badaną ropę.

EN

In this paper have been presented the change of selected parameters of oil drawn from an oil well of "Baltic Beta" drilling platform. Results of this measurements allowed to account parameters of crude oil.

3

Thermoelastic surface properties of seawater in coastal areas of the Baltic Sea

100%

Boniewicz-Szmyt K. , Pogorzelski S. J.

Oceanologia

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2016

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tom No. 58 (1)

25--38

EN

Correlations and data for the thermoelastic surface properties of seawater were determined by means of surface tension-temperature and surface pressure-area isotherm measurements performed in Baltic Sea coastal waters (Gulf of Gdańsk, Poland). Thermodynamic surface parameters examined include: surface free energy-γ, entropy, enthalpy, surface specific heat of air-seawater (AW), air-crude oil (AO) and crude oil-seawater (OW) interfaces, and the surface elasticity was quantified in terms of complex viscoelasticity modules with relaxation times of the transition processes. The spatial and temporal evolution of the parameters differed significantly from the literature data for seawater since the effect of surface active substances of natural and municipal origin was likely to be present in these coastal waters. The seawater surface turned out to have the viscoelastic 2D character as well as other interfacial systems AO and OW where three crude oils in contact with the seawater were studied for comparison. The dilational elasticity modules were found to follow the sequence EAW > EOW > EAO. Composite oil lens-covered seawater exhibited a significant drop of E from EAW (crude oil free surface) even for low oil coverage fraction F0. The obtained surface and interfacial tension-temperature dependences allowed to correct the spreading coefficient (S = γAW − γAO − γOW) to the desired temperature range, for example. The latter parameter with the sea surface elasticity data allows one to test the modified model of crude oil spreading proposed by the authors (Boniewicz-Szmyt and Pogorzelski, 2008), for spreading kinetics phenomenon at the surface-tension regime.

4

Proces starzenia układu ropa naftowa-woda morska analizowany metodami kąta kontaktu ciało stałe/ciecz i elastometrii powierzchniowej - wybrane wyniki badań

100%

Boniewicz-Szmyt K. , Pogorzelski S.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni

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2010

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tom nr 64

5-18

PL

Asfalteny i żywice, głowne powierzchniowoaktywne komponenty rop naftowych, są zdolne do formowania na powierzchniach międzyfazowych olej/woda i olej/atmosfera spojnych, żelo- i polimeropodobnych usieciowanych warstw pokryciowych. Proces starzenia rozlewiska ropy w morzu wiąże się ze zmianą struktury warstw i wpływa na powierzchniowe i międzyfazowe napięcia [gamma]&subOA, [gamma]&subO/W oraz odpowiadające im moduły elastyczności powierzchniowej E. Czasowa zmienność [gamma]&subO/W była rejestrowana nieinwazyjną metodą pomiaru kąta kontaktu, z użyciem kropli modelowych rop, wprowadzonych na płaską powierzchnię teflonu (PTFE), zanurzoną w oryginalnej wodzie morskiej, i analizowana z wykorzystaniem równania Younga-Dupre. Rzeczywista i urojona część zespolonego modułu lepkosprężystości międzyfazowej oraz czasy relaksacji procesow zmian strukturalnych określono metodą stres-relaksacja, za pomocą romboidalnego układu wagi powierzchniowej z płytką Wilhelmy'ego. Rezultaty ujawniły występowanie co najmniej trzech dominujących czasów procesów przejściowych oraz lepkosprężysty charakter powstających warstw, "skór" międzyfazowych, z nienewtonowską reologią. Moduły E dla powierzchni O/A są prawie o rząd wielkości niższe od mierzonych dla O/W. Po określonym czasie, zależnym od rodzaju ropy i temperatury, występuje raptowny wzrost [gamma]&subO/W silnie skorelowany (r = 0,98) ze zmianą kąta kontaktu oraz wzrostem modułu E, jako efekt komplikacji struktury warstw. Oszacowany współczynnik dyfuzji procesu adsorpcji powierzchniowej (D = h²/t&subK, gdzie h jest rozmiarem kropli ropy, a t&subK czasem charakterystycznym) jest rzędu 10&sup-6 cm&frac2s i pozostaje w zgodności z danymi uzyskanymi innymi metodami. W pomiarach porównawczych elastyczności powierzchniami kompozytowymi (szereg soczewek olejowych, o kilkucentymetrowej średnicy, na powierzchni wody morskiej) stwierdzono istotny wzrost E po 20-30 godzinach starzenia.

EN

Asphaltenes and resins, the main surface-active components of crude oil are capable of forming "rigid skins" of a gel-like polymeric network structure at interfaces. The weathering of crude oil spills at sea film related to film formation at interfaces affects both O/A (oil/air), O/W (oil/water) interfacial tensions and the corresponding elasticity modules E. A temporal variability of interfacial tension [gamma]&subO/W was registered using non-invasive contact angle method on sessile model crude oil drops deposited at PDFE (Teflon) plate surface submerged in original Baltic Sea water under laboratory conditions, and analyzed by means of Young-Dupre relation between [gamma]&subO/W and contact angle [teta]. Real and imaginary parts of the complex surface viscoelasticity modules were determined by a stress-relaxation method with a frame-type Langmuir trough-Wilhelmy plate system. The data revealed at least three main film structure transformation mechanisms with relaxation times ranging from a few seconds to several minutes and reflected the viscoelastic oil "skin" behavior with non-Newtonian surface rheology. However, at the O-A interface films are of lower elasticity by at least an order of magnitude than observed for the O-W one. After a certain period (20-25 hours depending on temperature and particular oil) a rapid increase of [gamma]&subO/W (exhibiting a strong positive correlation r = 0.98 to contact angle) is accompanied by the corresponding grow of |E| - the absolute value of the complex modules pointing to the skin structure complication. The diffusion coefficient of such an adsorption process (D = h²/t&subK, where h - is the oil drop dimension and t&subK - the transition time) is of the order of 10&sup-6 cm&frac2s in agreement with data reported by others. In a supplementary study, elasticity of composite surface i.e., natural surfactant sea water film incorporated with fine crude oil lenses (situation met at sea) exhibited a significant increase after 20-30-hour aging.

5

Wpływ termicznego efektu Marangoniego na kinetykę rozpościerania substancji ropopochodnych na morzu

100%

Boniewicz-Szmyt K. , Pogorzelski S.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni

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2017

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tom nr 100

20--36

PL

Dynamikę rozpościerania ciekłych węglowodorów na powierzchni oryginalnej wody morskiej, badano w warunkach laboratoryjnych. Szybkość ekspansji soczewek olejowych, przewidywana przez klasyczną teorię, okazała się większa o czynnik 6–9 od wartości mierzonej eksperymentalnie. W artykule postuluje się, że ta niezgodność wynika z aktywacji tzw. cyrkulacji Benarda-Marangoniego, szczególnego ruchu płynu, bezpośrednio pod powierzchnią ekspandującej cienkiej warstwy węglowodoru, obserwowanego dla lotnych cieczy. Pionowy gradient temperatury ?Tcool, proporcjonalny do szybkości parowania, wywołany efektem schłodzenia powierzchni w procesie parowania, okazał się dostatecznie duży, aby przekroczyć wartość progową dla wszystkich badanych cieczy i wywołał efekt Marangoniego. Dodatkowy turbulentny przepływ płynu, towarzyszący rozpościeraniu oleju, prawdopodobnie powoduje spowolnienie szybkości ekspansji. Klasyczny efekt Marangoniego (powodowany naturalnymi surfaktantami) ma nieznaczny udział w procesach mieszania i rozpościerania w morzu.

EN

Dynamics of liquid hydrocarbons spreading over the seawater surface was studied in laboratory conditions. Oil lens expansion rates predicted from classical theories were higher 6–9 times than these measured experimentally. Such a discrepancy could result from onset of Benard-Marangoni cellular flow beneath the expanding oil, observed for volatile hydrocarbons. The vertical temperature gradient ?Tcool related to the evaporation rate was high enough to initiate Marangoni thermal phenomenon. The additional dissipative, turbulent flow is likely to slow down the spreading. The classical Marangoni effect is of secondary importance in reference to the thermal effect in interfacial spreading and mixing processes at sea.

6

Adsorption of natural surfactants present in sea waters at surfaces of minerals: contact angle measurements

80%

Mazurek A. , Pogorzelski S. J. , Boniewicz-Szmyt K.

Oceanologia

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2009

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tom 51

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nr 3

377-403

EN

The wetting properties of solid mineral samples (by contact angles) in original surfactant-containing sea water (Gulf of Gdańsk,Ba ltic) were characterised under laboratory conditions on a large set (31 samples) of well-classified stones of diverse hydrophobicity using the sessile drop (ADSA-P approach),ca ptive bubble and inclined plate methods. An experimental relation between the static contact angle θeq and stone density ρ was obtained in the form θeq = Bρ + C,wher e B = 12.23 ± 0.92, C = −(19.17 ± 0.77),an d r2 = 0.92. The histogram of θeq distribution for polished stone plates exhibited a multimodal feature indicating that the most abundant solid materials (hydrophilic in nature) have contact angles θeq = 7.2,10. 7,15. 7 and 19.2◦,whic h appear to be applicable to unspecified field stones as well. The contact angle,a pH-dependent quantity,ap pears to be a sensitive measure of stone grain size,e.g . granite. The captive bubble method gives reproducible results in studies of porous and highly hydrophilic surfaces such as stones and wood. The authors consider the adsorption of natural sea water surfactants on stone surfaces to be the process responsible for contact angle hysteresis. In the model,an equation was derived for determining the solid surface free energy from the liquid’s surface tension γLV; it also enabled the advancing θA and receding θR contact angles of this liquid to be calculated. Measurements of contact angle hysteresis Δθ(= θA − θR) with surfactant-containing sea water and distilled water (reference) on the same stone surfaces allowed the film pressure ΔΠ (1.22 to 8.80 mJ m−2), solid surface free energy ΔγS (−17.03 to −23.61 mJ m−2) and work done by spreading ΔWS (−1.23 to −11.52 mJ m−2) to be determined. The variability in these parameters is attributed to autophobing,an effect operative on a solid surface covered with an adsorptive layer of surfactants. The wetting behaviour of solid particles is of great importance in numerous technological processes including froth flotation,d emulgation,an ti-foaming procedures and the coal industries. It is believed that the approach presented here and the examples of its application to common sea water/solid mineral systems could be successfully adapted to optimise several surfactant-mediated adsorption processes (see below) of practical value in natural water ecology.

7

Hydrocarbons on sea water: steady-state spreading signatures determined by an optical method

80%

Boniewicz-Szmyt K. , Pogorzelski S. , Mazurek A.

Oceanologia

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2007

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tom No. 49 (3)

413-437

EN

The spreading properties of several hydrocarbons (vegetable, engine, gear and crude oils) on distilled and artificial sea water were determined under laboratory conditions using a novel optical method. With the aid of Langmuir's equation, the geometrical signatures of a discrete lens of each hydrocarbon droplet floating on a water tank served to calculate the entering E (31.30-94.18 mN m-1) and spreading S (-3.50 to -57.49 mN m-1) coefficients, and equilibrium thicknesses t? (0.20-1.25 cm). They appeared to be in agreement with the values derived from direct interfacial tension measurements (Wilhelmy plate and stalagmometer methods). Empirical relations of the normalized lens radius rL / rdrop and S on the water surface tension ?AW were postulated as being of significant value in oil spill assessment studies at sea. The parameters obtained together with the surface properties of a natural surfactant-containing water body represent the principal input data required for modelling the spreading of a surface-tension-gradient-driven oil spill at sea.

8

Adsorption of natural surfactants present in sea waters at surfaces of minerals: contact angle measurements

80%

Mazurek A. , Pogorzelski S. J. , Boniewicz-Szmyt K.

Oceanologia

|

2009

|

tom No. 51 (3)

377-403

EN

The wetting properties of solid mineral samples (by contact angles) in original surfactant-containing sea water (Gulf of Gdańsk, Baltic) were characterised under laboratory conditions on a large set (31 samples) of well-classified stones of diverse hydrophobicity using the sessile drop (ADSA-P approach), captive bubble and inclined plate methods. An experimental relation between the static contact angle θ_eq and stone density ρ was obtained in the form θ_eq = B-ρ+ C, where B = 12.23 š 0.92, C = - (19.17 š 0.77), and r2 = 0.92. The histogram of ?eq distribution for polished stone plates exhibited a multimodal feature indicating that the most abundant solid materials (hydrophilic in nature) have contact angles θ_eq = 7.2, 10.7, 15.7 and 19.2^(o), which appear to be applicable to unspecified field stones as well. The contact angle, a pH-dependent quantity, appears to be a sensitive measure of stone grain size, e.g. granite. The captive bubble method gives reproducible results in studies of porous and highly hydrophilic surfaces such as stones and wood. The authors consider the adsorption of natural sea water surfactants on stone surfaces to be the process responsible for contact angle hysteresis. In the model, an equation was derived for determining the solid surface free energy from the liquid's surface tension γ_LV it also enabled the advancing θ_A and receding θ_R contact angles of this liquid to be calculated. Measurements of contact angle hysteresis Δθ(=θ_A - θ_R) with surfactant-containing sea water and distilled water (reference) on the same stone surfaces allowed the film pressure ΔΠ (1.22 to 8.80 mJ m-2), solid surface free energy ??S (-17.03 to -23.61 mJ m-2) and work done by spreading ΔWS (-1.23 to -11.52 mJ m-2) to be determined. The variability in these parameters is attributed to autophobing, an effect operative on a solid surface covered with an adsorptive layer of surfactants. The wetting behaviour of solid particles is of great importance in numerous technological processes including froth flotation, demulgation, anti-foaming procedures and the coal industries. It is believed that the approach presented here and the examples of its application to common sea water/solid mineral systems could be successfully adapted to optimise several surfactant-mediated adsorption processes (see below) of practical value in natural water ecology.

9

Hydrocarbons on sea water: steady-state spreading signatures determined by an optical method

80%

Boniewicz-Szmyt K. , Pogorzelski S. , Mazurek A.

Oceanologia

|

2007

|

tom 49

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nr 3

EN

The spreading properties of several hydrocarbons (vegetable, engine, gear and crude oils) on distilled and artificial sea water were determined under laboratory conditions using a novel optical method. With the aid of Langmuir’s equation, the geometrical signatures of a discrete lens of each hydrocarbon droplet floating on a water tank served to calculate the entering E (31.30–94.18 mN m−1) and spreading S (−3.50 to −57.49 mN m−1) coefficients, and equilibrium thicknesses t∞ (0.20–1.25 cm). They appeared to be in agreement with the values derived from direct interfacial tension measurements (Wilhelmy plate and stalagmometer methods). Empirical relations of the normalized lens radius rL/rdrop and S on the water surface tension γAW were postulated as being of significant value in oil spill assessment studies at sea. The parameters obtained together with the surface properties of a natural surfactant-containing water body represent the principal input data required for modelling the spreading of a surface-tension-gradient-driven oil spill at sea.