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Foreshadowing the things to come: Annihilation hidden in Zygmunt Haupt’s Galician stories

100%

Wilczyński M.

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nr 31

EN

The article is devoted to the annihilation of the ethnically, religiously, and linguistically diverse population of Galicia and Podolia during WW2 and its metaphorical representation in Zygmunt Haupt’s Galician short stories collected in Baskijski diabeł [The Basque devil]. Memories are arranged in a palimpsest-like manner in Haupt’s short stories, which are often set in Zhovkva, a Galician town with which Haupt had a special bond. The only countermeasure against forgetting this lost world is memory, which unfortunately fades over time. The writer thus relies on fragmentary associations and retroactive imagination.

PL

Tematem artykułu jest swoiście zaszyfrowana w galicyjskich opowiadaniach Zygmunta Haupta, zamieszczonych w tomie Baskijski diabeł, zagłada istniejącej przez setki lat zróżnicowanej etnicznie, religijnie i językowo społeczności Galicji i Podola. Pisarz przedstawił ten proces, zapoczątkowany wybuchem drugiej wojny światowej, za pomocą metody wspomnieniowego palimpsestu, często umieszczając wydarzenia w Żółkwi – galicyjskim miasteczku, z którym łączyła go szczególna osobista więź. Jedynym instrumentem oporu przez zapomnieniem o zaginionym świecie jest pamięć, z upływem czasu coraz bardziej ułomna, opierająca się na fragmentarycznych skojarzeniach i działającej wstecz wyobraźni.

2

Oddziaływania psychologiczne i dyscyplinujące w armiach późnego antyku

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Wilczyński M.

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nr 4

PL

The psychological and disciplinary treatment of soldiers in the armies of late antiquityThe multiethnic army of the Late Roman Empire generated a huge number of disciplinary problems. Reading the work of Vegetius we hear about serious negligence in the overall military discipline. Other sources inform us repeatedly about mutinies, desertions and self-mutilations of the soldiers who wanted to avoid being incorporated into the army. Very often the mentality of barbarians (e.g. the Huns) in the service of the Roman Army was completely contradictory to the requirements of the Roman law and military customs. A huge role in keeping discipline in army ranks was played by a commander. He was expected to look after his soldiers, build a manly spirit in the detachment, inspire his people by examples of personal courage and – what was truly no less important – have a good fortune on the battlefield. As an impact factor exerting influence on the soldiers, they tried to use not only the harsh punishments, but also some psychological methods e.g. if the signs from the gods were auspicious, they tried to spread the news as far and wide as possible; they took care of the sick and wounded; they supervised the supply of goods and an equitable sharing of the spoils. However whenever they considered it useful, they also resorted to blackmail, taking soldiers’ families hostage; they also threatened that the commander would resign or cut off the only way of escape without any hesitation. Understanding the psychological effects of such actions constitutes a real research challenge.

3

Miejsca bezpieczne: Kafka, Walser, Schulz

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Wilczyński M.

Schulz/Forum

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2018

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nr 11

55-63

PL

The paper begins with a reference to Franz Kafka’s unfinished long short story “The Burrow,” which has been chosen as a starting point of a series of intertextual associations focusing on futile efforts made by various modernist literary narrators and characters to find a sense of safety in some specific settings. The route from “The Burrow” runs through selected short stories by Martin Walser toward late fiction by Bruno Schulz, in particular “The Republic of Dreams” and “The Homeland,” revealing affinities connecting the Polish writer from Drogobych with two writers of the German language, who shared his fears and obsessions.

4

Schulz rozpleniony

100%

Wilczyński M.

Schulz/Forum

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2015

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nr 5

3-4

PL

The editorial articulates a suspicion that had Schulz lived long enough, possibly even until today, he would have been greatly surprised by his growing fame abroad, like perhaps many other twentieth-century schlemiel-heroes of literature and the humanities, such as Kafka, de Saussure, Propp or Bakhtin. The present number of Schulz/Forum is then introduced as a collective testimony of his popularity outside the Polish language.

5

Polska proza galicyjska przed wojną i po wojnie. Bruno Schulz w kontekście literatury Katastrofy

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Wilczyński M.

Schulz/Forum

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2015

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nr 5

5-17

PL

Usually Schulz’s fiction is not interpreted with reference to the Holocaust and massive ethnic cleansing in East-Central Europe during World War II. The present paper is rooted in a belief that some of his later stories can actually be treated as “prophetic” when placed in a sequence consisting of the works by Schulz and other Polish writers from Galicia: Ida Fink, a Holocaust survivor, Zygmunt Haupt, an émigré in the United States, and Leopold Buczkowski, after the war in Poland. Schulz’s followers, at least in a chronological sense, seem to have been inspired by the metaphorical energy of his fiction, though in the stories by Fink and Haupt, as well as the early novels by Buczkowski, the Schulzean metaphor is replaced by metonymy – a figure of death, and allegory – in Walter Benjamin’s terms, a post mortem mask of history stigmatized by violence. Arguably, Fink, Haupt, and Buczkowski recorded in their fiction the fulfillment of Schulz’s catastrophic prophecy.

6

A Book for the King. Some Reflections on the Situation of the Roman Population and the Preservation of the Heritage of Ancient Civilization in Gallaecia and Lusitania in the 5th and 6th Centuries

100%

Wilczyński M.

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tom 84

51-78

PL

Święty Marcin z Bragi, działający w Gallaecji w drugiej połowie VI wieku, w kilku swoich pismach odnosił się do cnót kardynalnych zgodnie z naukami Seneki, które dobrze znał. Jednym z nich była Formula vitae honestae podarowana Mironowi, królowi Swebów i Gallaecji. Istnienie w Królestwie Swebów elit rzymskich i „barbarzyńskich”, które w VI wieku potrafiły zrozumieć nauki moralne św. Marcina z Bragi, skłania do refleksji nad ciągłością kultury rzymskiej i dziedzictwa antycznej cywilizacji 160 lat po inwazji plemion germańskich na Hiszpanię. Artykuł zawiera kilka uwag na temat zachowania cywilizacji rzymskiej wśród elit rzymskich w okresie istnienia i rozwoju imperium suebskiego oraz procesów romanizacji elit plemiennych. Omówiono również problem asymilacji ludności tubylczej i przybyszów germańskich, który to proces był bardzo interesujący i specyficzny dla Gallaecji pod panowaniem Suebów.

EN

Saint Martin of Braga, active in Gallaecia in the second half of the 6th century, referred to cardinal virtues in several of his writings, in accordance with the teachings of Seneca that he knew well. One of these works was Formula vitae honestae, given to Miro, king of Suebi and Gallaecia. The existence of Roman and “barbarian” elites in the kingdom of Suebi, capable of understanding the moral teachings of St. Martin of Braga in the 6th century, prompts reflection on the continuity of Roman culture and heritage of ancient civilisation in 160 years after the invasion of Hispania by Germanic tribes. The article contains some remarks on the preservation of Roman civilisation among the Roman elites in the times of the existence and development of the kingdom of Suebi , and on the processes of romanization of the tribal elites. The problem of the assimilation of the local population and Germanic newcomers, which was very interesting and specific to Gallaecia under the reign of Suebi, was also discussed.

7

Zapowiedź Schulzowskich cliché-verre’ów

63%

Chomycz Ł. , Wilczyński M.

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nr 15

220-223

PL

A commentary on E. Menar’s essay “Sztuki graficzne. Z okazji odbyć się mającej wystawy grafiki oryginalnej w Borysławiu” that announced Bruno Schulz’s exhibition in Borsyław in March 1921. It is a brief account of the historical development of graphic arts. The author explains the essence and significance of graphics, including woodcut, etching, and lithography. The most attention he paid to the etching which, in his opinion, was the most sophisticated and difficult, allowing the artist to use a variety of materials. One of the most interesting aspects of the essay is the emphasis on the cliché-verre technique, rarely used in Poland but preferred by Schulz. Menar’s essay is of a high quality, perhaps surprising in a paper sponsored by and addressed to oil industry clerks. It seems that the author’s task to attract the reader (both the future spectator and the potential buyer) by an accessible introduction to the graphic arts and its tradition was fully accomplished. However, no information concerning E. Menar has been found and his identity remains unknown.