The paper is composed of three parts. In the first part the authoress deals with the criteria of demarcating science elaborated by philosophers of science, in the second she discusses the presence of demarcation within science itself, and in the third part she refers to the external socio-economical and political system as a source for still different criteria of demarcation.
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Stanislaus Ossowski, a Polish philosopher and sociologist and a member of the so-called 'Lwowsko-Warszawska Szkola Filozoficzna' (The Lvov-Warsaw Philosophical School) published several papers on science, especially on social sciences. The authoress presents his analysis of the plurality of scientific views that is triggered by the multiplicity of aspects of studied phenomena and the diversity of issues that can be approached by scientists. Plurality of aspects, issues and descriptions leads - unavoidably - to multiplicity of scientific schools and to arguments among them. There are practical disputes referring to hypotheses and explanations that can be settled with the help of rational arguments and empirical data. Finally, there are fundamental divergencies, which seem insoluble because both sides absolutize their views, or indeed are insoluble when participants represent different political aspirations and programs.
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