Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF PERCEPTION AND EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE OF OLDER ADULTS DURING THE FIRST WAVE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN SLOVAKIA

100%

Köverová M. , Ráczová B.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

|

2021

|

tom 24

|

nr 1

35 – 52

EN

This study is a part of research focused on the analysis of the psychosocial aspects of the perception and emotional experience of older Slovak adults as a risk group during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The first aim of this research was to examine how older adults in Slovakia perceived and experienced the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. We were focused on their negative emotional experience – the levels of perceived stress, anxiety and concern (regarding a fear of COVID-19 infection). The second aim was to identify differences in negative emotional experience in older adults according to demographic characteristics. The final aim was to analyze the demographic and psychological characteristics of those groups of older adults who reported extremely low and extremely high levels of negative emotional experience (perceived stress, anxiety, or concern). The research was conducted online during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants completed a State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, State version (Spielberger et al., 1983), a Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983), and the authors’ scales focused on the assessment of the levels of fear of COVID-19 infection. The research sample consisted only of older adults who lived in their home environment and communicated via social networks. Online skills could have enabled them to search for information about the pandemic or to stay in contact with other people. All this could have positively affected their perception and emotional experience during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, in contrast to the clients of the social service facilities. Despite this limitation, the research study has brought important findings. It showed that older adults did not experience the first wave of the pandemic only negatively and uncovered a risk group of older adults which was at increased risk of negative psychological effects (concern) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

2

Kríza mladého veku – nový fenomén?

100%

Zibrinyiová V. , Ráczová B.

Psychologie a její kontexty

|

2016

|

tom 7

|

nr 2

3-14

EN

The following contribution is a theoretical study focusing on the difficulties which young people are experiencing during a life period called emerging adulthood. We believe, emerging adulthood is a transitive and heterogeneous developmental stage. It is not universal for every young person and it is mostly typical in developed countries. Based on social changes, Arnett suggests that developmental tasks typical for adolescence are nowadays more suitable in emerging adulthood (20-30 years of age). Tasks, such as financial and housing independence, getting married, starting a family, and finding a dream job can put a lot of pressure on a young person, especially if he or she is not able to fulfill them. Robbins and Wilner state that this could create conditions for so called “quarterlife crisis”. Quarterlife crisis is considered to be a crisis of the identity and life goals. It is a stressful period of rethinking, which can lead to structural changes of personality and values. Social and psychological causes can many times result in anxiety, depression, feelings of inadequacy and failure. In addition, Robbins and Wilner indicate feelings of indecision, helplessness and panic. There are several problems in the research, which arise mainly from the difficulty of defining the main concept. Clear criteria for when it would be possible to indicate with certainty whether a particular person is experiencing the crisis or not, are missing. Therefore, we have not found methods, which could measure quarterlife crisis and the level of its experiencing. In previously published researches was this blank space replaced by the qualitative methodology, with the interviews aimed on acquiring basic characteristics and symptoms of the quarterlife crisis. In our opinion, the research could now be moved forward on this basis. The spectrum of symptoms obtained in previous research is the starting point for constructing a tool to detect the intensity of experienced difficulties, typical for the quarterlife crisis. Such instrument could be a time-saving alternative for the interviews. In our opinion, the way for constructing a new method could be focusing on aforementioned characteristics and symptoms, which are particular for this period of life. The new instrument could therefore be based on variables such as developmental tasks in the period of emerging adulthood and their (non)achievement, depressive symptomatology, anxiety, coping, self-esteem and overall subjective well-being. The topic of difficulties in emerging adulthood is a new issue that arouses interest. The fact that the quarterlife crisis is currently more popular than a scientific term is not considered as a disadvantage. Exactly this popularity of the concept suggests that the authors Robbins and Wilner noticed a new, previously unnamed, trend among young people. Relatively new research issue is despite the many problems and obstacles a potential area in which research findings can be helpful in coping with the transitive developmental stage of emerging adulthood and related difficulties.

3

EMERGING ADULTHOOD FEATURES: AN OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH IN APPROACHED AND PERSPECTIVES IN GOALS AREA

100%

Spišáková D. , Ráczová B.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

|

2020

|

tom 23

|

nr 1

1 - 16

EN

The main aim of this article is to provide a partial overview of the current research in developmental psychology and the research into emerging adulthood in particular. It is considered essential to look at this area of psychological research as there is little understanding about this life period in Slovakia. Interest in this issue is growing only slowly, as evidenced by the current interdisciplinary project (APVV-18-0303, Nozdrovická, 2019) and several studies on this topic from the perspective of other disciplines (Džambazovič, 2018; Roupa, 2016). The lack of research on emerging adulthood persists in Slovakia despite Arnett (2000) having already brought this concept to light in developmental psychology. Arnett (2000, 2004) explains that the dominant life course theory is no longer applicable due to significant demographic shifts, including the delay of marriage and parenthood. In order to measure proposed features of emerging adulthood as well as one additional dimension called “other-focus”, the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA) has been designed (Reifman, Arnett, & Colwell, 2007). There are more than ten language versions of the IDEA. In this article, a summary will be provided of all adaptations of the IDEA, some of which have been well-validated with conducted factor analysis. The use of this inventory enables a better understanding of experiencing emerging adulthood. It also allows perceptions of emerging adults to be contrasted between various countries and cultures.

4

SELECTED PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HELPING PROFESSIONALS

100%

Köverová M. , Ráczová B.

|

nr 1

-

EN

The research studies focus on several consequences of helping work which can be experienced by helping professionals most often – compassion satisfaction (Stamm, 1999; Stamm, 2010), compassion fatigue (Figley, 1995; Figley, 2002; Stamm, 2010), burnout (Figley, 1995; Figley, 2002; Maslach, Jackson, & Leiter, 1996; Stamm, 2010), and perceived stress (Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983; Tilley & Chambers, 2003). The research studies suggest that it is possible to increase the level of compassion satisfaction and decrease the level of compassion fatigue (secondary traumatic stress and burnout) among helping professionals by performing self-care activities (Alkema, Linton, & Davies, 2008; Bloomquist et al., 2015; Killian, 2008; Lawson & Myers, 2011). The present research study was therefore focused on the analysis of compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress, burnout, emotional well-being, and self-care among helping professionals in Slovakia. The first aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of selected, positive and negative, aspects of professional helping (compassion satisfaction, burnout, secondary traumatic stress, emotional well-being and performed self-care) among the Slovak helping professionals. The second aim of the study was to examine the predictive utility of emotional well-being and self-care activities in explaining the level of compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress among helping professionals in Slovakia. The results indicated the higher incidence of positive than negative aspects of helping among helping professionals who experienced higher levels of compassion satisfaction, higher levels of positive emotions; and lower levels of negative emotions, burnout and secondary traumatic stress. The results also suggested that the helping professionals performed more physical than psychological self-care activities. The results indicated the importance of emotional well-being and performed self-care activities in explaining the levels of compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress experienced by Slovak helping professionals working in institutions providing social care for orphans. The findings of the research provide a deeper insight into the positive and negative effects of the professional helping and will be used as a research background in the subsequent preparation of the intervention programmes aimed at promoting compassion satisfaction and eliminating burnout and secondary traumatic stress among helping professionals in Slovakia.

5

PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION AND INITIAL VALIDATION OF THE SLOVAK VERSION OF THE GOAL ADJUSTMENT SCALE (GAS)

80%

Ráczová B. , Kačmár P. , Hricová M.

|

nr 1

94 – 109

EN

The aim of this study was to pilot test the psychometric properties of the Slovak version of the Goal Adjustment Scale (GAS) in a student sample. The research sample consisted of 636 students (355 secondary school pupils and 281 university students). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the 2-factor structure (as correlating factors) in the Slovak version of the scale. The internal consistency estimates of two factors (goal disengagement and reengagement) were relatively satisfactory. Regarding the convergent validity, the negative correlations between goal disengagement and dispositional optimism (LOT-R), hope (Snyder’s Hope Scale) and self-regulation (SRQ) have been found. Moreover, significant positive correlations were only found in the case of goal reengagement and pathway as a factor of dispositional hope. However, the study did not support the relationship between adjustment capacities and subjective well-being measured through the frequency of positive and negative emotions (SEHP). One of the limitations of the research was that the test-retest reliability was not tested. It is considered important to perform further validation of the GAS in the future as the current results are preliminary. Nevertheless, the GAS seems to be an efficient tool in detecting adjustment strategies in the case of obstacles in the goal achieving process.