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EN
A detailed evaluation of reproductive usefulness was carried out on 187 bulls (82 Black-and-White bulls, 58 R₁ — 25% hf hybrids and 47 F₁ — 50% hf hybrids). Moreover, the analysis of 3002 (BW-1319, 25% hf — 462, 50% hf — 571, 75% hf — 488 and more than 75% hf — 162) bulls was carried out pertaining to the final evaluation of reproductive usefulness (class A, C, D). The objective of the research was to establish the correlation between detailed and final evaluation of the reproductive usefulness of young bulls reared in testing stations and their genotype. The body weight on day 360, daily body weight gains and energy consumption per 1 kg of body weight were found to be correlated with the volume of ejaculate (resp., r = 0,28, 0,33, — 0,32), libido (resp., r = 0,30, —0,33, 0,34). general evaluation of reproductive usefulness (resp., r = 0,34, 0,23, — 0,09) and breeding evaluation (resp., r = 0,59, 0,44, — 0,09). In the final evaluation of reproductive usefulness the worst results were obtained for 25% hf genotype bulls (black crossing — 47% bulls in class A), the best for F₁ 50% hf hybrid bulls (56% in class A), which confirmed the principle that within low heredity reproductive traits heterosy occurred in F₁ generation, and depression (bac crossing) in R₁ generation.
RU
Наблюдениями объяли в общем 485 баранов разных пород, возрастом 18—50 мес. из 18 овчарен. Однократным исследованием определяли клиническое состояние и качство семени, взимаемого методом ЕЕ. Семя получили от 472 самцов (97,3%). К расплоду заквалифицировали 318 баранов (65,6%). В группе животных с сомнительной расплодной пригодностью причислили 129 особей (26,6%). В 38 случаях решили выбраковать самца из селекции. Клинические изменения в пределах полового органа, устойчивые либо переходящие, показали у 51 особи (10,5%). Средний объем эякулятов баранов, пригодных к расподу, составлял 1,6 мл, процент живчиков с парвильным движением формировался на уровне 80, а обремененных главными и втростепенными изъя нами — 10,8. Средняя концентрация живчиков в 1 мм³ семени баранов этой группы составляла 2655 тыс.
EN
There were observed 485 rams of different breeds from 18—50 months in 18 sheepheds. Clinical state of animals and quality of semen from 472 males (97.3%) obtained by the EE method were evaluated once. To reproduction were assigned 318 (65.6%) of rams. To a group of a doubtful usefulness for reproduction were assigned 129 (26.6%) of rams. Thirty eight rams were coulled. Clinical changes in the reproductive tract of a stable or transient character were noted in 51 animals (10.5%). A mean volume of ejaculate was 1.6 ml and a percent of spermatozoons showing physiologcial movement was 80% and those revealing main or second rate defects was 10.8%. A mean concentration of spermatozoons in 1 mm³ of ejaculate was 2 655 000.
RU
Цель работы состояла в показании формирования половых рефлексов и свойств семени хряков кбп породы в ходе соматического созревания в возрасте 5—16 месяцев. Опыт провели на 6 хряках, регулярно эксплуатируемых 2 раза в неделю. Семя брали мануальным методом, а затем проводили вступительную оценку семени, морфологии и концентрации живчиков в единице объема и целом эякуляте. Определяли активность GGTP, АР и AspAT в описанном исследовательском материале. Исследования показали, что половые рефлексы и свойства семени 8-месячных хряков кбп породы не отличаются от норм, установленных в этом отношении для старших животных. С развитием физическим и половым хряков увеличивается объем их эякулятов, концентрация живчиков во всем эякуляте, и растет активность GGTP и АР в семени. По мере развития и эксплуатации молодого хряка продлевается рефлекс эякуляции. Эякуляты годичных и старших хрячков характеризуются свойствами наиболее пригодными для искусственного осеменения.
EN
The purpose of the studies was to present the shape of sexual reflexes and properties of semen of the Polish Large White boars in the course of their somatic maturition (5—16 months). The experiments were performed on 6 boars sexually exploited twice per week. The semen was obtained by manual method and then morphology and concentration of spermatozoons in a volume of semen and in a whole ejaculate was determined. The activity of GGTP, Ap and AspAT in this semen was also measured. It was found that sexual reflexes and properties of semen in 8 months old boars are the same as those in older animals. Along with a somatic development increase the volume of ejaculate, concentration of spermatozoons in a whole ejaculate and the activity of GGTP and AP in the semen. The reflexe of ejaculation is prolonged along with time of exploitation of young boars. Ejaculates of boars at the age of one year and older ones are more suitable for an artificial insemination.
RU
Выполненные бактериологические и серологические исследования осносительно Haemophilus somnus проб семени и вымывок препуция, взятых на 2 фермах для выращивания молодняка при контроле аукционных быков. Результаты сопоставили с семинологической оценкой. Показали наличие Н. somnus в 6% исследуемых проб (что соответствует 13,1% исследуемых животных). Изоляцию провели как из семени, так и вымывок препуция. Критерием ELISA показали специфические противотела анти-Н. somnus в 64,7% исследиемых проб. Они отмечались чаще воего в классе SIgA (52,94%), а также IgG и SIgA одновременно (11,76%). Чаще наблюдали их в стаде с более плохими результатами семинологической оценки. Результаты внушают, что в случае наличия противотел анты-Н. somnus в плазме семени чаще наблюдаются также отклонения в семинологической оценке.
EN
Bacteriological and serological examinations of the semen and rinsings from the prepuce of bulls were carried out. It was found the presence of H. somnus in 6 per cent of the samples, i.e., in 13.1 per cent of animals. The bacterium was isolated both from the semen and rinsings. The specific antibodies against H. somnus were revealed by the ELISA test in 64.7% of samples. They usually belonged to SIgA (52.94%), and to IgG and SIgA (11.76%) simultaneously. They were observed more often in the herd characterized by worse effects of artificial insemination. The results suggest that in case of the presence of antibodies against H. somnus in the semen plasma, more often some changes were found at the semen appraisal.
RU
Исследования имели целью показание свойств семени кроликов-самцов по исключении секрета пузырьковидной железы путем уничтожения его секреторного эпителия при помощи AgNO₃. Для набюдения использовали эякуляты 21 кролика. Животных разделили на 3 группы. Самцы I (8 голов) и II (7 голов) ввели в пузырьковидные железы —О (I группа) и 4% AgNO₃ (II группа) в количестве 1—2 мл. Остальных 6 животных являлось контрольной группой. Отметили, что пузырьковидная железа кролика решает о продукции слизисто-желеобразной фракции семени. Возможно также участие ее секрета в продукции жидкой фракции эякулята. Характерной чертой эякулятов кроликов является очень высокая активность GGTP и щелочной фосфатазы, зато значительно меньшая активность AspAT.
EN
The aim of the studies was to establish the properties of rabbit’s semen after removing the vesicular gland secretion by destruction of the vesicular gland epithelium using AgNO₃. The studies were performed with ejaculates of 21 rabbits in 3 experimental groups. The animals of the first group (8 rabbits) and the second group (7 animals) were given directly into the vesicular gland 2.0% and 4.0% solution of AgNO₃ (1—2 ml), respectively. Control group (6 rabbits) was not treated. It was found that the vesicular gland plays a decisive role in production of muco-gelatinous fraction of semen. Secretion of this gland may also take part in production of a liquid fraction of ejaculate. Characteristic for ejaculate of rabbits is a very high activity of GGTP and alkaline phosphatase and significantly lower activity of AspAT.
RU
Цель наблюдений состояла в определении влияния времени года на свойства семени кроликов избранных пород. Опыты провели на эякулятах 38 самцов, возрастом 1—2 лет, породы немецкий пестрый великан (13 голов), черный со светлыми пятнами (13 голов), красный новозеландский (6 голов) и венский голубой (6 голов). Эякуляты брали в искусственное влагалище, 2-кратно в неделю в течение 12 месяцев, а затем проводили вступительную оценку семени, морфологическое исследование и исследование концентрации живчиков в единице объема эякулята. В свежем семени определяли GGTP, щелочную фосфатазу (АР) и AspAT. Исследования показали, что значительное влияние на свойства семени кроликов имеют порода и время года. Особенно в осенне-зимнем сезоне понижается качество и активность АР у самцов породы красный новозеландский и черный со светлыми пятнами. По сравнению с АзрАТ характерной чертой эякулятов кроликов является высокая активность GGTP и АР.
EN
The purpose of the studies was to establish the influence of season of a year of semen properties in rabbits of various breeds. The experiments were performed with ejaculates of 38 male rabbits, 1—2 years old giant-german piebald (13 animals), arson-black (13), New Zealand-red (6) and Wiennese-blue (6). Ejaculates were collected into an artificial vagina twice a week for 12 months, and then a preliminary evaluation of semen, morphology and concentration of spermatozoons were performed. The activity of GGTP, AP and AspAT was determined in fresh ejaculates. It was found that breed and season influence considerably the properties of the semen examined, especially quality and activity of AP of New Zealand red and arson-black rabbits. High activity of AP of New Zealand red and arson-black rabbits. High activity of GGTP and AP is characteristic for ejaculates of rabbits.
EN
The purpose of the studies performed on 479 bulls of various breeds ageing 13—16 months was to establish a frequency of appearance of specific anti Chlamydia psittaci antibodies in sera and the effect of chlamydial infection on semen properties. Depending upon a sort of antigen used from 4 to 14% of bulls reacted positively at a titre 1:16 and 1:32. In positively reacting animals without any clinical symptoms of infection of the genital organs decreased a volume of ejaculates, percent of spermatozoons showing normal movement was lowered, concentration of spermatozoons decreased and increased the number of spermatozoons showing morphological changes.
EN
The objective of the examinations performed on 230 cows and 36 embryo recipients was to establish if 1—3 doses of progesterone applied between the 17th and 19th day after insemination or on the 10th day after embryo transfer help the stabilization of pregnancy. After one dose of P4 (250 mg) 51,1% of conceptions were noted, after 2 doses 63,8% and after 3 doses 76,6% of conceptions were observed. In a control group 30,3% of the cows became pregnant. In embryo recipients after one anpplication of an exogenous progesterone at a dose of 125 mg the pregnancy rate was 44,4% as compared to a control group in which the rate was 27,8%. In pregnant cows initial levels of progesterone varied from 1,96 to 8,1 ng/ml. In the group of cows receiving 1 dose of P4 an average increase of the level of progesterone was by 1,1 ng/ml, in the group receiving two injections by 3,36 ng/ml, and in the group receiving three injections of P4 by 4,9 ng/ml. In the control group on the 19th day after insemination in 37,2% of pregnant cows the level of progesterone in blood plasma decreased by an average of 1,65 ng/ml. It can be assumed that the application of exogenous progesterone in inseminated cows with subclinical disturbances of endometrial functions and in embryo recipients positively affects the stanilization of pregnancy.
EN
The purpose of the work was to confirm the possibility of embryo transfer to protect offspring of leukaemic cows of high breeding value from infection with EBLV. The studies were carried out on 229 donors of embryos infected with the EBLV. Heifers free from enzootic leukaemia were receivers of the embryos. The disease was diagnosed both in the donors, receivers and new-born calves by the gel precipitation test or ELISA. From 152 donors 1390 embryos were obtained and only 676 (48.6%) were qualified as suitable. There were transfered 585 embryos resulting in 278 pregnant cows (the efficacy of the transfer was 47.5%). There were born 274 calves free from leukaemia and 4 died during parturition. The transferes and new-born calves were housed in isolation under conditions which protected them against EBLV. The studies showed that the transfer of embryos was an effective method allowing to get healthy offspring from leukaemic cows on condition that strict prophylactic measures during the operation and pregnancy and after calving were applied.
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