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Technika i technologia laki europejskiej na podstawie badań fizycznych i chemicznych

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Gryglewicz E.

nr 4

305-310

The article presents results o f physical and chemical studies on European lacquer carried out on 10 examples chosen from the collections o f the National Museum, Cracow section of the artistic handicraft. The main emphasis has been put on the study of the technology o f the lacquer imitating varnish, i.e. on the most characteristic features of this technique. The study of the varnish involves the problem of examining organic compounds. The employed investigation methods represented an attempt to identify resins found in varnishes. The examination of decorative lasers, groundwork and undercoat was o f secondary importance. The study comprised 10 works of art covered with the lacquer imitating varnish. They usually dated from the IXth and 19th century and included: (1) a lid o f the snuff-box, Netherlands, 18th cent., (2) an oblong snuff-box, France, 1820, (3) a box, France, 1888, (4) a box, Netherlands, 18th cent., (5) a snuff-box, Germany, 19th cent., (6) an etwee, Russia, after 1825, (7) an oblong case, France, 1878, (8) an etwee, France or Italy, 19tb cent., (9) a snuff-box, Germany, after 1839, (10) a painting with a „Chinese” landscape, Poland, 1721, Groblicz. Varnishes and resins contained in them were examined mainly by means of 1R spectrophotometric methods, thin-layer chromatography and by measuring the resin melting temperature. The results obtained were found to be in conformity with old recipes lor varnishes that were to imitate genuine lacquer, most o f which were fatty varnishes with copal or amber.