Future demand for managing a huge number of individually operating small and often volatile energy resources within the smart grid is preponderantly answered by involving decentralized orchestration methods for planning and scheduling. Many planning and scheduling problems are of a multi-objective nature. For the single-objective case - e.g. predictive scheduling with the goal of jointly resembling a wanted target schedule - fully decentralized algorithms with self-organizing agents exist. We extend this paradigm towards fully decentralized agent-based multi-objective scheduling for energy resources e.g. in virtual power plants for which special local constraint-handling techniques are needed. We integrate algorithmic elements from the well-known S-metric selection evolutionary multi-objective algorithm into a gossiping-based combinatorial optimization heuristic that works with agents for the single-objective case and derive a number of challenges that have to be solved for fully decentralized multi-objective optimization. We present a first solution approach based on the combinatorial optimization heuristics for agents and demonstrate viability and applicability in several simulation scenarios.
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Surrogate models have proved to be a suitable replacement for complex simulation models in various applications. Runtime considerations, complexity reduction and privacy concerns play a role in the decision to use a surrogate model. The choice of an appropriate surrogate model though is often tedious and largely dependent on the individual model properties. A tool can help to facilitate this process. To this end, we present a surrogate modeling process supporting tool that simplifies the process of generation and application of surrogate models in a co-simulation framework. We evaluate the tool in our application context, energy system co-simulation, and apply it to different simulation models from that domain with a focus on decentralized energy units.
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