Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Zmienność zanieczyszczenia mikroflorą przedżołądków bydła w zależności od ich rodzaju i wieku zwierząt

100%

Szkucik K.

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nr 04

RU

На 96 пробах преджелудков и сычуга скота проведено определения общего числа аэробных, протеолитических и психрофильных микроорганизмов в 1 г, титра coli, энгерокков и aнаѕрооных спорулирующих палочек, а также наличия микроорганизмов рода Salmonella, учитывая как факторы изменчивости вид преджелудков и возраст скота. Сравнено также загрязнение преджелудков с готoвым изделием — замороженной требухой. Результаты исследований показали, что: 1) преджелудки и сычуг скота показывают сравнительно высокое загрязнение микрофлорой, 2) отдельные отделы желудка скота показывают дифференцированное загрязнение микрофлорой: наивысшим загрязнениoм отличается сетка, а наименьшим — сычуг, разницы между руоцом и книжной не были существенны, 3) возраст скота не влияет в общей оценке на количественное загрязнение преджелудков cкота. Paзницы отметилисв, однако, в отделвных преджелудках: в преджелудках молодняка огмечено высшее загрязнение рубца и стеки, а низшее книжки, 4) количественное загрязнение микрофлорои готового продукта в виде замороженной требухи сравнительно низко, составляет в среднем 3,5x10² микроорганизмов в 1 г, но доминирующей микрофлорой являются протеолитические и психрофилвные микроорганизмы, а также плесени и дрожжи.

EN

The examinations were perfomed on 96 samples of proventriculi and abomasum; a total count of aerobic, proteolytic and psychrophilic bacteria was determined in 1 g each sample; the titres of E. coli, enterocci, anaerooic sporogenic bacilli, and the presence of Salmonella spp were also assessed taking into account tne kind of proventriculi ana the age of animals. Besides, the degree of contamination of proventriculi was compared witn that of ready product, i.e. frozen tripe. It was found that proventriculi and tne bovine abomasus were highly contaminated by microflora; the highest contamination was found in the reticulum and the lowest one in the abomasus. The differences between the content of microflora in the paunch and omasus were not significant. The age of animals did not influence the total count of microflora; however, the differences were observed in individual proventriculi. In the proventriculi of young cattle the highest contamination was found in the rumen and reticulum and the lower one in the omasum. Contamination of ready products, i.e. frozen tripe was relatively low and it was 3.5X10² of bacteria per 1 g, however, a dominant microflora included proteolytic and psychrophilic bacteria, molds and yeast.

2

Metody okreslania stopnia wykrwawienia zwierzat rzeznych

100%

Szkucik K.

|

nr 10

1042-1044

3

Jakosc zdrowotna miesa krolikow

63%

Szkucik K. , Pyz-Lukasik R.

|

tom 65

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nr 10

665-669

EN

Rabbit meat is currently quite popular world-wide, which is influenced by its taste and nutritional values. The meat has a high content of protein, vitamin B, mineral and trace element components, and a low fat and cholesterol content. The evaluation of consumers is positive toward its basic sensory characteristics, such as color, odor, flavor and texture. Rabbit meat is described as delicate, not too stringy, very tender and juicy. The hygienic quality of the slaughtered rabbit carcass depends on the sanitary condition of the slaughterhouse. Pathological bacteria have been sporadically isolated, among them coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, Salmonella and E. coli. The bacterial contamination of the surface of the carcasses obtained through maintaining sanitary standards is 10³-10⁴ cfu in 1 g. A somewhat higher contamination of 10⁵-10⁶ cfu in 1 g occurs in slaughterhouses that do not meet sanitary standards.

4

Występowanie zmian chorobowych i odchyleń jakościowych w tuszkach królików rzeźnych w Polsce w latach 2000-2010

63%

Szkucik K. , Paszkiewicz W.

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nr 10

EN

The aim of the study was to analyze the results of post mortem examinations on slaughtered rabbits conducted in the years 2000-2010 by the national Veterinary Inspection in rabbit slaughterhouses in Poland. During the studied period over 5.6 million rabbits were slaughtered. In 280,686 carcasses quality changes on account of morbidity occurred, which constitutes 4.94% of the examined carcasses. Of these carcasses 59,428 were considered unfit for consumption, i.e. 21.17%, and 1.05% of all carcasses, which were examined after slaughter. The most common diseases confirmed were parasitic invasions, primarily coccidia (65.13%). However, the most common reasons for considering carcasses as unfit for consumption were bacterial diseases (sepsis and pyemia - 34.93%) as well as coccidiosis (28.96%). The most frequent qualitative changes of rabbit carcasses were excessive thinness (2%) or insufficient bloodlessness (1.64% of the confirmed changes). All of the carcasses in which these changes have been confirmed were considered unfit for consumption. Starting from 2006 the percentage of carcasses in which post-slaughter changes were confirmed has systematically decreased, while from 2008 the same concerns carcasses unfit for consumption. At the same time, the percentage of carcasses considered unfit for consumption from among the animals with confirmed qualitative changes after post-slaughter examination decidedly increased. This proves the good health of the rabbit population raised for slaughter in Poland, as well as its proper sanitary-veterinary control, which guarantees the high quality of the meat gained from it.

5

Wartosc pH tkanki miesniowej krolikow

63%

Szkucik K. , Pyz-Lukasik R.

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tom 61

115-118

6

Bacterial contamination and selected traits of rabbit muscle tissue spoilage

63%

Szkucik K. , Pyz-Lukasik R.

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nr 4

EN

The investigated material comprised rabbit carcasses obtained from a domestics slaughter (H) and two commercial slaughterhouses (L and M). The spoilage process and its dynamics were determined on the basis of bacteriological studies (total aerobic bacteria count, psychrophilic bacteria count, and presence of proteolitic bacteria), pH measurements, ammonia level as well as basic organoleptic characteristics (appearance and odour). All the determinations were performed after 24 h, 72 h, and 144 h of the storage at 2°C ±1°C and relative humidity ca 80%. The studies indicated the effect of hygienic status of a slaughter place on the bacterial contamination level and muscle tissue durability. Higher initial bacterial contamination of the muscle tissue from the slaughterhouse L contributed to the earlier occurrence of the undesirable organoleptic deviations and higher pH and NH₃ values, that evidenced a more rapid progressive spoilage process. After the 144 h storage, the unfavourable sensory properties disqualified comestible usefulness of the carcasses and markedly limited the further cold storage life of the carcasses from the on domestics slaughter and the slaughterhouse M.

7

Charakterystyka mikrobiologiczna mięsa odzyskanego mechanicznie

63%

Pelczynska E. , Szkucik K.

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tom 41

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nr 10

8

Zmiennosc zanieczyszczenia bakteryjnego w produkcji kielbas

63%

Pelczynska E. , Szkucik K.

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nr 05

214-215

EN

The aim of the investigations was to determine the variability of saprophytic bacteria contamination of steamed and liver sausages in particular stages of production. The investigations were carried out on meat after deboning and curing, on edible offals, on force-meat after filling the casings and on final products immediately after production and already designated for sale. It was discovered that the bacterial contamination of raw materials for sausage production was relatively high and amounted from 10³ to 10⁵ per gram. Technological thermic operations reduced quantity of microflora to 10² per gram. During transport and sales, however, the total count of bacteria increased rapidly again to 10⁴ per gram. Therefore particular attention must be paid to storage conditions after the production of these types of sausages.

9

Zmienność profilu kwasów tłuszczowych w zależności od rodzaju tłuszczu i rasy królików

63%

Szkucik K. , Ziomek M.

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nr 07

s.495-498,tab.,bibliogr.

EN

The aim of the research was to determine the variation in the fatty acid profile of rabbit fat as related to the fat location in the carcass and the breed of the animal. Research material consisted of samples of subcutaneous fat from the scapular area, perirenal fat and intramuscular fat from thigh and scapular muscles collected from carcasses of 30 meat breed rabbits and 30 crossbreeds. Both groups of rabbits (females) were bred in small farms during summer and fed mainly with green fodder and root crops supplemented with ground barley and a small quantity of hay. Fatty acid composition was determined with a Varian CP 3800 gas chromatograph. The comparison of fatty acid profiles of the intramuscular, perirenal and subcutaneous fat of the meat breed rabbits revealed that intramuscular fat was characterized by higher contents of stearic acid (C18:0) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with the exception of linoleic acid (C18:3). Perirenal fat was characterized by higher contents of tetradecanoic acid (C14:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2), whereas the content of palmitoleic acid (C16:1) was the highest in subcutaneous fat. Intramuscular fat of crossbreeds was characterized by the highest content of palmitic acid (C16:0), whereas the quantity of linoleic acid (C18:2) was significantly higher in perirenal fat. Despite differences in the content of the above-mentioned fatty acids, total amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in all types of fat examined and in both groups of rabbits were comparable. Generally, lipids of crossbreeds were characterised by a lower percentage of SFA and a higher percentage of PUFA, including mainly linoleic acid (C18:3), in comparison with the meat breed. These lipids also demonstrated better SFA/UFA and PUFA/MUFA ratios. Moreover, the fat of crossbreeds was characterized by a highly favourable n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio. The research findings suggest that rabbit fat, especially the fat of crossbreeds, is a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including NNKT, and their mutual proportions are close to dietary recommendations.

10

Zanieczyszczenie mikroflorą narządów wewnętrznych świń

63%

Pelczynska E. , Szkucik K.

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tom 45

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nr 01

RU

Цель исследований состояла в определении степени загрязнения неспецифической микрофлорой и присутствия болезнетворных микроорганизмов внутренних органов свиней в зависимости от времени хранения в хлоодильне и возраста животных, а также по сравнению с мышечной тканью. Исследования провели на печениях, сердцах, легких, почках, селезенках и мозгах 10 молодых свиней массой 80 кг и 10 взрослых свиней массой 140 кг. Определяли общее число кислородных бактерий, число протеолитичееких и психрофильных бактерий в 1 г, а также наличие палочек Salmonella и анаэробных спорулирующих палочек. Определения общего числа бактерий выполнили через 0, 12, 24, 48 и 72 часа хранения проб в темп. 0—2°С. Отметили что во всех органах появляются в сравнительно высоких количествах кислородные микроорганизмы. Среди 6 органов наивысшим загрязнением отличались печень и легкие и то как в поверхностном слое так и в глубоком. Наименьшее загрязнение касалось мозга, глубокие слои которого был свободны от микрофлоры. С ростом времени хранения в холодильне увеличивалось сущеcтвенно начиная от ок. 24 часов, общее число бактерий. Влияние возраста животных на уровень микрофлоры было в общей оценке невелико и касалось толька некоторых органов. По сравнению с мышечной тканью почень и легкие отличались высшим, а селезенка, сердце и мозг низшим общим загрязнением микрофлоры. Во всех органах появлялись протеолитические микроорганизмы, причем характерно было их наличие в глубоких слоях тканей. Психрофильные микроорганизмы появлялись только в печени, сердце и легких. Наличие Salmonella отметили в 2,5% проб в печени, селезенке и мозгу (S. typhimurium, anatum и enteritidis). Ни в каком органе не показали наличия анаэробных спорулирующих палочек.

EN

The purpose of the work was to determinie the degree of contamination of swine offals by pathogenic and nonspecific bacteria, taking into account time storage and the age of animals. The studies were carried out on livers, hearts, lungs, kidneys, spleens, and brains of ten young and ten adult pigs weighing 80 and 140 kg respectively. The total number of aerobic, proteolytic and psychrophilic bacteria per gram was determined; besides, the presence of Salmonella spp. and anaerobic bacilli was also taken into consideration. The number of the bacteria was calculated after 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours in the samples stored at 0°—2°C. In the all organs under study a relatively high number of aerobic bacteria was found. The highest number of the germs was observed in the liver and lungs both in the superficial and deep strata. The lowest contamination was noted in the brain whose deep strata were free from microflora. Along with time of storage a total number of bacteria increased significantly beginning from 24 hour. The infuence of age was negligible and concerned only some organs. In comparison to muscles the liver and lungs showed a higher degree of contamination and the spleen, heart and brain a lower one. In all the organs proteolytic bacteria were present and they were situated in deeper strata of the tissues. Psychrophilic flora occurred only in the liver, heart and lungs. Salmonellae were found in 2.5% of the samples taken from the liver, spleen and brain (S. typhimurium, S. anatum, S. enteritidis). No anaerobic sporogenic bacilli were noted in internal organs.

11

Results of sanitary-veterinary examination of fish in Poland in 2010-2016

51%

Pyz-Lukasik R. , Szkucik K. , Paszkiewicz W. , Drozd L.

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tom 74

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nr 05

EN

Fish and other fishery products are subjected to the official sanitary-veterinary controls as required by Regulation (EC) No 854/2004. The aim of the study was to analyse the results of sanitary-veterinary examinations of fish in Poland in 2010-2016 conducted by the Veterinary Inspection. The results of the laboratory examination on fish were worked out based on the annual reports issued by the General Veterinary Inspectorate. The analysis of the results included the sanitary-veterinary examination of marine and farmed fish (salmonids, cyprinids and other fish species) carried out by the Veterinary Inspection. Moreover, the sanitary evaluation of samples of fish, seafood and their products on the basis of microbiological, chemical and sensory analysis results performed by the State Sanitary Inspection (PIS) were used. Throughout the analyzed period, a total of 1 436 109 009.60 kg of fish were examined, in that 145 711.71 kg (0.01%) were declared unfit for human consumption. The most important reasons for fish rejection proved to be parasite invasions (45.91% of the total amount of discarded fish), viral diseases (41.74%), bacterial diseases (9.71%) and the exceeded acceptable level of histamine (2.56%) and dioxins (0.07%). The sanitary examination of the food samples carried out by the PIS showed that the causes of rejection included the surpassed levels of food additives (2.3-2.7% of all the discarded samples) and chemical contaminants (1.4-2.4%) as well as abnormal microbiological and sensory tests results (0.1-1.2%). Summing up, the amount of fish rejected during the analyzed period was low which indicates the good quality of the obtained raw material.

12

Występowanie zmian chorobowych i odchyleń jakościowych u drobiu rzeźnego w latach 2000-2010

51%

Szkucik K. , Ziomek M. , Paszkiewicz M.

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nr 12

13

Fatty acid profile in edible eggs of snails from the Cornu genus

51%

Mackowiak-Dryka M. , Szkucik K. , Ziomek M. , Klimek K.

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tom 64

|

nr 1

14

Wpływ wybranych ziół na profil kwasów tłuszczowych w tłuszczu kurcząt

51%

Szkucik K. , Pisarski R. , Ziomek M.

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tom 67

|

nr 03

EN

The aim of the research was to investigate the influence of herbal supplementation of feed mixtures for broiler chickens on the fatty acid profile of their intramuscular and abdominal fat. The research was carried out on 210 ROSS broiler chickens, which were divided into 6 experimental groups and fed with starter, grower, and finisher feeds with 2-percent additions of a specific herb (pansy, hop, linden leaf, lemon balm, mint, or nettle). A control group was fed with feeds supplemented with flavomycin. The feed mixtures and water were given ad libitum. On the 42nd day of rearing, out of each group of chickens 4 cocks and 4 hens closest to the average body weight in their group were selected. The selected animals were slaughtered and subjected to a simplified directional analysis. The content of fatty acids in intramuscular and abdominal fat was determined with a Varian CP 3800 gas chromatograph. The research findings suggest that the 2-percent addition of herbs had a significant effect on the fatty acid profile. In intramuscular fat the content of saturated fatty acids, including especially palmitic acid, rose significantly in all experimental groups. On the other hand, herbs were found to have no effect on the content of monounsaturated fatty acids. The influence of the herbs under examination on the content of poliunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was diverse. The content of these acids in intramuscular fat increased in the case of chickens fed with linden-supplemented mixture and decreased in chickens fed with feeds supplemented with mint and nettle. Abdominal fat was characterised by a lower content of saturated fatty acids, which is desirable from the dietary point of view. The amount of monounsaturated fatty acids increased in all experimental groups. The addition of hop had the greatest stimulating effect on the content of these acids. The content of poliunsaturated fatty acids, including linoleic and alpha-linoleic acids, was considerably smaller in the group fed with the hop supplement. In the other experimental groups the level of these acids was comparable or higher than in the control group.

15

Występowanie zmian chorobowych i odchyleń jakościowych w tuszach zwierząt łownych w Polsce w latach 2000-2011

51%

Szkucik K. , Belkot Z. , Gondek M.

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nr 12

EN

The aim of the study was to analyse the results of post-mortem examinations of game carcasses conducted in Poland in 2000-2011 by the Veterinary Inspectorate. During that period, nearly 6 million game animals were shot, including mostly wild boars, roe deer and game birds. However, only 3 442 257 of them were examined post mortem by veterinarians. Lesions and qualitative changes were found in 65 970 carcasses (i.e. in 1.92% of the total number examined), of which 16 788, i.e. 25.45% (or 0.52% of all carcasses examined), were judged unfit for human consumption. The most lesions were found in boar carcasses (2.79%), and the least in deer carcasses (1.94%). The most common qualitative change, in both boar and deer carcasses (53.31% and 50.10%, respectively), was putrefaction, which was also the most frequent reason for qualifying carcasses as unfit for consumption (40.10% and 76.45% for boars and deer, respectively). The second most important group of lesions were parasitic diseases. In deer carcasses, the most frequent of these diseases was fascioliasis (14.63%), which, however, was not considered sufficient grounds for declaring meat unfit for consumption. In the muscle tissue of wild boars, trichinosis was found, constituting 15.38% of all lesions. In 2000-2011 trichinosis was detected in the muscle tissue of 3,748 boars (0.33%), and - after putrefaction - this disease was the second most important cause for rejecting boar carcasses as unfit for consumption. About 20% of boar and deer carcasses were judged unfit for consumption because of extreme emaciation. In 2000-2011, there was a considerable increase in the number of big game that were shot and presented for post-mortem examination, whereas the number of small game, especially hares, steadily decreased. The percentage of carcasses in which post mortem changes were found remained at a relatively constant level. An exception was 2007, when a marked increase in the number of carcasses with lesions was noted among both wild boars and deer. On the other hand, a notable decrease in the percentages of lesions and qualitative changes in deer carcasses was observed in 2008-2011, although the number of carcasses submitted to veterinary inspection did not change importantly. A vast majority of these changes resulted in deer carcasses being judged unfit for consumption. These facts may be explained by an improvement in the health status of deer combined with a rigorous performance of post-mortem examinations by official veterinary surgeons.

16

Zmiany poubojowe w tuszkach królików rzeźnych w Polsce w latach 2010-2018

45%

Drozd L. , Paszkiewicz W. , Pyz-Lukasik R. , Ziomek M. , Szkucik K.

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nr 10

EN

The aim of the study was to analyze the results of sanitary and veterinary examinations of rabbits carried out by the Veterinary Inspectorate in slaughterhouses in Poland in 2010-2018. In this period, 8,980,660 rabbits were examined. Lesions and quality deviations were found in 42,779 carcasses, i.e. 0.48% of all carcasses examined. The most frequent causes of the rejection of the carcasses and internal organs of the rabbits examined were sepsis and pyaemia (36,369 cases), followed by excessive emaciation (1,686 cases), upper respiratory tract disease (1,655 cases), other causes not specified by name (1,438 cases), and coccidiosis (1,318 cases). Abnormal exsanguination (303), parasitic diseases other than coccidiosis (67), infectious diseases (14), and leukemia (2) were much less often the cause of rejection. During the period analyzed, there was a decrease in the number of cases of coccidiosis (except in 2017) and other parasitic diseases, but there was a several-fold increase in the occurrence of sepsis and pyaemia (in the years 2015-2018). Compared with the results of veterinary and sanitary examinations of rabbits in 2000-2010, there was an increase in the number of rabbits slaughtered and a reduction in the percentage of carcasses with pathological changes and carcasses deemed unfit for consumption. In the years 2010-2018, there was also an increase in the number of cases of sepsis and pyaemia and a significant decrease in the percentage of parasitic diseases (mainly coccidiosis).

17

Fatty acid profile in fat obtained from edible part of land snails harvested in Poland

38%

Szkucik K. , Ziomek M. , Paszkiewicz W. , Drozd L. , Gondek M. , Knysz P.

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nr 4

18

Skład chemiczny i wartość odżywcza regionalnych serów podpuszczkowych produkowanych metodą tradycyjną

38%

Knysz P. , Gondek M. , Pyz-Lukasik R. , Ziomek M. , Drozd L. , Paszkiewicz W. , Szkucik K.

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nr 10

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the variability in the chemical composition and nutritive value parameters of smoked and unsmoked short-ripened rennet cheeses and unsmoked long-ripened rennet cheeses produced by traditional methods. The raw material for the production of short-ripened cheeses was pasteurized cows’ milk obtained from a dairy, whereas the long-ripened cheeses were manufactured from raw cows’ milk obtained from the producer’s farm. All three varieties of cheese examined were produced with commercial dairy starter cultures. The material for the study was collected in winter, directly at the producers’ retail outlets in southern and eastern Poland. The basic chemical composition was determined according to the Polish Standards, whereas the amino acid profiles of proteins from the cheeses were determined by ion-exchange chromatography. The result analysis revealed significant differences between the different varieties of cheese in terms of their water content, ranging from 32.2% to 42.1%, as well as protein content, which varied from 25.6% to 31.6%. Fat levels ranged between 22.2% and 24%, whereas total ash content amounted to 5.1-5.8%. The significantly highest salt content was found in unsmoked short-ripened cheeses. In all three cheese varieties, the total exogenous amino acid content was comparable, ranging from 46.17 g to 47.36 g/100 g protein, and that of endogenous amino acids varied from 52 g to 53 g/100 g protein. The biological value of proteins was determined by calculating to the chemical score (CS), as described by Mitchell and Block, and the essential amino acid index (EAAI), as described by Oser. A comparison of the results with the standard chicken egg white proteins showed that the limiting amino acids for all varieties of cheese were methionine and cysteine. On the other hand, a comparison with the FAO/WHO-suggested pattern of amino acid requirements (1991) for all age groups over 1 year of age showed that the limiting amino acids were methionine and cysteine in smoked and unsmoked short-ripened cheeses, and treonine in long-ripened cheeses. Considering the chemical indices, such as CS and EAAI, it may be concluded that the traditional rennet cheeses produced in southern and eastern Poland have a favourable amino acid composition of proteins and a high nutritive value.

19

Study on establishing normal ranges of chosen biochemical parameters of haemolymph of Cornu aspersum maxima and Cepaea nemoralis gastropods

32%

Ziętek J. , Guz L. , Winiarczyk S. , Szkucik K. , Ziomek M. , Wysokowski M. , Madany J. , Adaszek Ł.

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nr 3

20

Concentration levels of cadmium and lead in the raw and processed meat of Helix pomatia snails

32%

Ziomek M. , Drozd Ł. , Chałabis-Mazurek A. , Szkucik K. , Paszkiewicz W. , Valverde Piedra J. L. , Bełkot Z. , Maćkowiak-Dryka M. , Gondek M. , Knysz P.

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nr 3