Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Wpływy czeskie i morawskie w kulturze materialnej ziem polskich w dobie formowania się państwa wczesnopiastowskiego i ich geneza

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Matla M.

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

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2020

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nr 2 (25)

151-202

EN

The text analyses Bohemian and Moravian influences on Polish lands during the formation of the Piast state in the tenth and eleventh centuries. It looks at various levels of material culture: construction, pottery, jewellery, coinage and, more generally, funeral culture. The analysis aims to identify the routes of transmission of southern impacts to Polish lands and to answer the question about the possible migration of Bohemian population into the Polish lands.

2

Carmen patrium Bogurodzica – czas powstania, kontekst historyczny i inspiracje

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Matla M.

Kwartalnik Historyczny

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2015

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tom 122

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nr 1

PL

Carmen patrium Bogurodzica – Time of Origin, Historical Context and InspirationsBogurodzica is indubitably one of the most controversial and longest discussed monuments of Polish-language mediaeval literature. The article intends to once again establish the time of the song’s origin and the factors, which influenced the latter. An analysis of the socio-political situation at the end of the thirteenth century made it possible to indicate that those factors entailed in all probability the necessity to protect the Polish language, the Church, and a more profound integration of Polish society at a time of nationality clashes, incessant external conflicts, and a feudal fragmentation of the state into provinces. Those circumstances could have given rise to a need for universal religious support, expressed by the text of Bogurodzica. The song consolidated the universal cult of the Mary, Mother of God, and John the Baptist and thus could strengthen the integrity of the nation in the course of national conflicts (and a tangible threat posed by German-speaking incomers); finally, in the Bohemian mode, it constituted a sui generis national anthem. These are the reasons for a hypothesis claiming that Bogurodzica could have originated within the Gniezno milieu at the turn of the thirteenth century, and was inspired by Archbishop Jakub Świnka, against the backdrop of his activity as a defender of the Polish language and the unification ideology developed at the time. Although the potential sources include discernible elements borrowed from Latin and, indirectly, Byzantine culture the prominent sources must have been Bohemian (and, indirectly, Old Slavonic) writings. The stimulus in question was, as has been indicated, predominantly the song: Hospodine pomiluj ny, whose ideological function within Bohemian state life could have been noted by the Polish authors of Bogurodzica.

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Kobieta i monety – przyczynek do mennictwa księżnej morawskiej Eufemii

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Matla M.

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

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2024

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nr 1(40)

81-101

EN

Euphemia (d. 1111) was the wife of Otto I the Fair, prince of Moravia. After her husbands’ death, she ruled as a regent for her minor sons. Together with her offspring, she issued two types of denarii. The present article aims to distinguish the iconography of these coins and of the models they were likely to be based on, to establish th context of their creation and determine the propaganda message they conveyed.

4

A foreign population marking its presence in Poland between the 10th and mid-11th centuries: research conditionings, problems and perspectives

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Matla M.

Nauka

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2020

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nr 3

EN

When it comes to research into changes which took place in Poland in the 10th and the first half of the 11th century and the emergence of the Piast dynasty’s state, the presence of an ethnically foreign population, its conditioning and effects have not been fully recognised. The few historiographical sources do not devote much attention to the arrival of foreign tribes; the single mentions typically pertain to the representatives of the elites, especially dynasties. Attempts have been made to analyse the phenomena by means of toponomastics and archaeology. Due to their ambiguity and late source confirmations, the results of toponomastic surveys do not allow to resolve the issue of migrations or displacement from the 10–11th centuries independently. However, the archaeological research carried out to date has revealed (beside a number of single historical objects related to the culture of Poland’s southern neighbours) grave fields and strongholds which could be potentially related to the representatives of foreign ethnic groups. The Poznań-Sołacz grave field (2nd half of the 10th century) and the Morawy grave field in Kuyavia (2nd half of the 11th century or possibly earlier) are related to a population from (Great) Moravia. Presence of a Hungarian population is traditionally attributed to the “old Hungarian” grave field in Przemyśl-Zasanie (dating back from the late 9th to the first quarter of the 11th century). On the other hand, the stronghold and the grave field in Niemcza in Silesia (dated back to the 970s and 980s) are connected with a Czech population. Unconfirmed grave fields and a handful of artefacts of Great Moravian origin are typical remains of strongholds in Gilów in Silesia and Czerchów near Łęczyca where presence of foreign warriors has not been ruled out. A question remains to what extent the material determinants of a foreign culture indicate presence of representatives of different ethnic groups and to what extent they are imports or copies. Undoubtedly, in a discussion of a foreign population genetic research may prove helpful, especially in grave fields associated with foreign populations. However, in order to analyse the issue in a comprehensive way, an interdisciplinary approach is required i.e. a combination of the methods of historical, archaeological and genetic research.

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Nieustająca dyskusja o Słowianach i „idei słowiańskiej”. Książka Eduarda Mühle Słowianie. Rzeczywistość i fikcja wspólnoty: VI–XV wiek, tłumaczenie Joanna Janicka, Warszawa 2020, Wydawnictwo PWN, ss. 473

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Matla M.

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

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2021

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nr 4 (31)

229-235

6

W poszukiwaniu Piastów

23%

Handschuh L. , Stolarek I. , Juras A. , Zeńczak M. , Marcinkowska-Swojak M. , Myszka A. , Trzciński D. , Losik-Sidorska A. , Wojtczak J. , Philips A. , Różański A. , Dębski A. , Kozłowski P. , Matla M. , Dobosz J. , Jasiński T. , Piontek J. , Kóčka-Krenz H. , Figlerowicz M.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

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2016

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tom 14

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nr 4 (2)

63-77

EN

The origin of the Piast dynasty is a matter of lively discussions and disputes. At least a few controversial hypotheses exist, but their credibility is difficult to assess due to the scarcity of written as well as material sources, especially from the time of Polish state formation. Life sciences, however, can support history and archeology. Application of genetic tests, used earlier mainly in forensic laboratories, enabled identification of the remains of King Richard III, the Romanov dynasty members and Nicolaus Copernicus. Contemporary DNA studies, based on next generation DNA sequencing, outreach the narrow area of known markers such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and selected regions of Y chromosome. Although ancient DNA (aDNA), extracted from remains, is usually highly degraded and contaminated with genetic material of microorganisms, there are methods which allow for the analysis of such material and retrieval of information about origin, kinship and some phenotypic features of an individual. Genetic studies of the Piast dynasty, a subject of our research project, have to deal with numerous difficulties. In or der to gain access to bone samples, we need to meet a number of formal requirements. Moreover, despite the existence of available abundant documentation on the Piast burials, the actual situation is not always consistent with the written sources. Our first experiences show how difficult it is to localize the remains, identify them and extract DNA of sufficient quality.